1. Chapter 5 Notes Chemical Reactions

2. Chapter 5.1 notes Reactants- is a substance(s) that undergoes a chemical change. Yields- is the arrow in the reaction Products- is a substance(s) that is the result of a chemical reaction Reactants Products

3. Chemical reaction- produces new substance(s) Signs of chemical reaction 1.Production of a gas 2.Change in color 3.Production of heat or light

4. Chemical energy- the energy stored within the atoms and molecules that can be released when a substance reacts Energy is equal on both sides of the reaction…energy can NOT be created or destroyed only changed from form to form. Chemical energy can be changed to… Heat, Electrical, Mechanical, Light

5. Exothermic reaction- a reaction that transfers energy from the reactants to the surroundings as heat Exergonic are exothermic reactions Endothermic reaction- a reaction in which energy is transferred to the reactants as heat from the surroundings Endogonic are endothermic reactions.

6. Chapter 5.2 Notes Synthesis reaction- a reaction of at least two substances that form a new more complex compound. A+B C Plus signs only on the left Decomposition reaction- a reaction in which one compound breaks into at least two products. CA+B Plus signs only on the right

7. Single replacement reaction- a reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound. A+BX→B+AX Double replacement reaction- a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound is formed from the apparent exchange of ions between two compounds. AX+BY→AY+BX

8. Chapter 5.3 Notes Chemical Equation- an equation that uses chemical formulas and symbols to show the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Mole ratios- the smallest relative number of moles of the substances involved in a reaction

9. Balancing Equations Make a T-chart Put the number of each element on the t-chart If the # of atoms are not the same you need to balance. You can only add COEFFICIENTS (Big #) 4. Check work! Count all #’s of each element. H 2 + O 2 H 2 O Left Right H 2 O 2 2 1

10. Chapter 5.4 Notes Factors affecting reaction rates 1.High temperature 2.More Surface area 3.Higher concentration 4.Higher pressure 5.Agitation (stirring, Mixing)

11. Catalysts- speed up chemical reactions. Shown in chemical reactions above the yields Enzymes are proteins that are catalyst in living things. Inhibitors- slow down chemical reactions Heat

12. Equilibrium systems- is a balanced state. The number of molecules leaving is = to the number of molecules entering.

13. Reversible reactions have double arrows. Le Chatelier’s Principle states if a change is made to a system, the equilibrium shirts to oppose the change until a new equilibrium is reached. Reactants Products

14. Work Cited “Cartoon”. Feb 8, 2008. http://www.beaconhurst.stirling.sch.uk/departments/science/chem7.j pg http://www.beaconhurst.stirling.sch.uk/departments/science/chem7.j pg “Test tube”. Feb 8, 2008. http://www.chemistryteacher.net/lessons/img/chemreactions2_clip_i mage002_0001.jpg http://www.chemistryteacher.net/lessons/img/chemreactions2_clip_i mage002_0001.jpg “Bubbles”. Feb. 8, 2008. http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/628957/2/isto ckphoto_628957_co2_bubbles_in_water.jpg http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/628957/2/isto ckphoto_628957_co2_bubbles_in_water.jpg “Fire”. Feb. 8, 2008. http://www.destination360.com/north- america/us/nevada/burning-man.phphttp://www.destination360.com/north- america/us/nevada/burning-man.php “Hot Cocoa”. Feb. 13, 2008. http://www.companyscoming.com/images/freestuff/recipes/Caramel %20Hot%20Chocolate.jpg http://www.companyscoming.com/images/freestuff/recipes/Caramel %20Hot%20Chocolate.jpg “Equilibrium”. Feb 13, 2008. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/reaction_equilib1_240.jpg http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/reaction_equilib1_240.jpg “reversible reactions.” Feb. 13, 2008. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Equilibrium/equib-for-rev- reaction.GIF http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Equilibrium/equib-for-rev- reaction.GIF