2. Matter: It’s what the world is made of.

3. Anything that has a mass and a volume (takes up space)

4. The Four States of Matter

5. Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

6. STATES OF MATTER  Based upon  particle arrangement  energy of particles  distance between particles

7. Solids have a definite shape have weight has a definite volume -take up space Particles are arranged in a tight, regular pattern vibrating about a fixed position have very little energy

8. Examples of Solids: Ice Frog Cheese Bricks Wood Popsicle

9. Liquids have an indefinite shape -take the shape of their container have weight a definite volume-take up space Particles are loosely packed are far enough apart to slide over one another have medium energy levels

10. Examples of Liquids: Orange Juice Water Soft drinks Milk Rubbing Alcohol Vinegar

11. Gases have an indefinite shape- spread out to fill the entire space given have weight. an indefinite volume- takes up space Particles are VERY far apart and move freely have LOTS of energy

12. Examples of Gases: Steam Oxygen Carbon dioxide Smog Tear Gas Helium

13. Plasma is an ionized gas very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume Particles are electrically charged. have EXTREMELY high energy levels

14. Examples of PLASMA: Used in: Fluorescent light bulbs Neon lights

15. Some places where plasmas are found… Flames

16. Lightning

17. Aurora (Northern Lights)

18. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

19. Changing States There are several names for matter changing states: State change Phase change Physical change Chemical Change

20. SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles Energy determines the state!

21. Add or Subtract Energy... When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

22. Solid + Energy = ? When energy is added to solids, they become liquids! Examples?

23. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

24. Liquid + Energy = ? When energy is added to liquids, they become gasses! What examples can you think of?

25. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquidCondensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gasSublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

26. Mixtures may be in different phases Solid? Liquid? Gas? Plasma?

27. Here’s how it works: Push here for a movie!

28. Check out the following site on States of Matter States of Matter

29. Watch this Brain Pop movie on the States of Matter

30. 5th Grade Science Mrs. LaRosa Matter Study Guide www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2008

31. Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change. If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

32. The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N). Consists of only one kind of atom, Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

33. A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule.

34. Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.htmlhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. In the animation above, water (H 2 0) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

35. Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Uniform Distribution. Example: Sugar and Water Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

36. The substance to be dissolved. The one doing the dissolving. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

38. Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions. Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

39. They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical. Can be separated physically. Solutions are also mixtures. The substances are not uniformly mixed. Example: Sand in a glass of water. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

40. Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing Substances will settle over time.

41. Matter MixturesHomogeneous Solution Solvent SolutionColloids Heterogeneous Suspensions Pure Substances ElementMoleculeCompounds