1. ABSOLUTISM or ABSOLUTE MONARCHY Power was not limited by having to consult w/t nobles, common ppl, or their representatives Thus, claims –Divine Right, which is: –____________________ “Power _____________; Absolute Power __________ absolutely!” Absolutism maps

2. CHARLES V of Spain (1519-1556) Hapsburg Dynasty Ruled the –Holy Roman Empire –Spain & parts of Italy –Netherlands –& land i/t New World constant warfare –over land & religion –Martin Luther an outlaw Peace of Augsburg Abdicates in 1556 –divided kingdom btwn brother, Ferdinand and his son, Phillip II –lived in a monastery

3. Phillip II of Spain (1556-1598) Son of Charles V Spain’s power peaks –due to gold/silver fm New World Religion & Revolt –Court of Blood suppress Protestant rebels in Low Countries 1609: Netherlands gain independence –w/ British help SPANISH ARMADA –Why?

4. The SPANISH ARMADA (1588) Spain attempts to invade England –130 ships –20,000 soldiers/sailors Spain is soundly defeated, due to –UK’s military strategy –storms devastated fleet Led to: –England’s rise to power –Spain’s fall fm power SPANISH ARMADA

5. The BOURBON Dynasty Absolute rulers of France “one king, one law, one religion” Henry IV (1589-1610), –first BOURBON –Protestant > Catholicism –St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 10 - 70,000 killed –1593: “Edict of Nantes” –Who is a HUGUENOT? –__________________________ –disciplined the military –improved infrastructure Trade increased Agriculture improved ended the power o/t nobility

6. Louis XIII (1610-1643) of France Henry IV’s son began rule at age 9 –son of Marie de Medici Regent –chose Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister –“King is supreme is France, France is supreme in Europe” destroy power o/t nobility end independence o/t Huguenots Encourage trade & industry Reduce power of Spain & Austrian HAPSBURGS

7. The Sun King (1643-1715) King Louis XIV –72 year reign –became king at age 5 Built the Palace of Versailles Palace of Versailles –inside the palaceinside the palace –moved the gov’t & nobles here –greatly strained France’s economy –Emphasized the grandeur & power of France –“divine right of kings” –L’etat, c’est moi” (I am the state) Cardinal Mazarin: Chief Minister Bankruptcy due to Versailles & military expansion European nobility adopted the language & customs of France