1. Baroque (1600-1700) If it ain’t Baroque, don’t fix it

2. Definition www.artlex.com www.artlex.com  Baroque - The art style or movement of the Counter- Reformation in the seventeenth century. Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque style was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.

3. Introduction Handout  Summarize each paragraph  PERSIA- write a letter for each paragraph  This will actually be graded under classwork, because I have good TAs now!

4. Key Ideas - Culture  Counter-Reformation symbolized the Catholic resurgence finds a voice in Baroque art.  Painting comes in different forms: genre, landscape, still lives.  Architecture associated with grand royal courts of Europe.  Begins in Rome, towards end FRANCE becomes center for art.

5. The Low Down – Art  Combined the accuracy of the Renaissance with the emotions of Mannerism  Tenebrism was all the rage  More individualistic style  Artists see art as liberal vs. manual  Compositional Elements  Open compositions  Diagonal lines  Strong Contrasts

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7. Italian Baroque (1590-1680)   Baroque style began in Rome   Religion   Artist   Caravaggio   Tenebrism   Sculptor   Bernini   Architect   Borromini

8. Tenebrism www.artlex.com  tenebroso or tenebrism - Tenebroso is an Italian word, literally meaning dark and gloomy. Both tenebroso and its English equivalent, tenebrism, refer to a style of painting characterized by high contrast between light and shade -- emphasis placed on chiaroscuro to achieve dark, dramatic effects.

9. Tenebrism cont. Frequently the main subjects of tenebrist pictures are illuminated by a single source of light, as if a spotlight shone upon them, leaving other areas in darkness. Such pictures have been called "night pictures" painted in the "dark manner." The most reknowned tenebrists have been "Caravaggio"(Italian, 1571/73-1610), Georges De La Tour (French, 1593-1652), and Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606-1669).

10. Caravaggio  Father of Tenebrism (chiaroscuro)  Befriended the lower-class  Hot-headed  Ran from the law often  Painted with a new sense of realism and dynamic force  Painted as if the people were bring observed close up

11. Entombments Renaissance: Mannerism Baroque: Tenebrism Pontormo Caravaggio

12. Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. 1599- 1600. Oil on canvas. 10’7-1/2” x 11’2”

13. Calling of Saint Matthew video  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/caravaggio-s- calling-of-st-matthew-c-1599-1600 https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/caravaggio-s- calling-of-st-matthew-c-1599-1600 https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/caravaggio-s- calling-of-st-matthew-c-1599-1600  6 min.  class quiz

15. Bernini  Man of many trades  Architect and sculptor  Son of a sculptor  Served the church under 8 popes

16. Bernini. David 1623. Marble, 5’7”. Roman Galleria

17. https://www.khanacadem y.org/humanities/monarc hy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque- italy/v/bernini-david- 1623-24 4 min Class Quiz

18. Donatello, Early Renaissance Michelangelo, High Renaissance Bernini, Baroque

19. Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Theresa. 1645-52. Cornaro Chapel, Rome. Marble.

20.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini- ecstasy-of-st-theresa https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini- ecstasy-of-st-theresa https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini- ecstasy-of-st-theresa  7 min  Class quiz

21. Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form.... He was not tall but short, and very beautiful; and his face was so aflame that he appeared to be one of the highest rank of angels, who seem to be all on fire.... In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. When he pulled it out I felt that he took them with it, and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is one's soul content with anything but God. This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in it— even a considerable share.

23. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome.

24.  Turn to a partner and discuss what you see that looks different from previous architecture we have covered.

25.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/francesco- borromini-san-carlo-1638-1646 https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/francesco- borromini-san-carlo-1638-1646 https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/baroque-italy/v/francesco- borromini-san-carlo-1638-1646  7 min.

26. Flemish, Dutch, Spanish, and French Baroque

27. Flemish Baroque (1600-40)   Southern Netherlands   Belgium   Catholicism - Altarpieces   Peter Paul Rubens   Over 2,000 paintings   Large female nudes   Religion   Van Dyck   Portraiture

28. Peter Paul Rubens  Worked in favor of the Counter- Reformation  Created large-scale figures  Used Carvaggio’s tenebrism to enhance his work

29. Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. Belgium. 1610-11. Oil on canvas. 15’2” x 11’2”

31.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-elevation https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-elevation https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-elevation  9 min.

32. Handout  annotate  summarize each paragraph  highlight/ underline  blah blah blah

33. What do you think is happening in this painting?

34.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-marie https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-marie https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-marie  5 min.

35. Handout  annotate  summarize each paragraph  highlight/ underline  blah blah blah

36. Van Dyck. Charles I at the Hunt. 1635.

37.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/van-dyck-charles- i https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/van-dyck-charles- i https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/flanders-1/v/van-dyck-charles- i  5 min.

38.  Reminder quiz on chapters 24 & 25 Friday.  Open notes (no cell phones)

39. Dutch Baroque (1630-70)   Northern Netherlands   Holland   Protestant, few religious works   Still lives   Genre scenes   Vermeer   Portraits   Rembrandt

40. Rembrandt  Married into a family with an art dealer and quickly made connections  The most important painter working in Amsterdam in the 17 th century.  Loses much of his earnings over the years  Begins IMPASTO painting – thickening of the paint

41. Rembrandt van Rijn self-portraits

42. Rembrandt, Self Portrait with Saskia

43. Handout  annotate  summarize each paragraph  highlight/ underline  blah blah blah

44. Video on Etching Process  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= JHxF6puMpts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= JHxF6puMpts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= JHxF6puMpts  10 min.

45. Rembrandt, The Jewish Bride

46. Interpretation of The Jewish Bride   Completed during his last years.   Exemplifies the artist's genius for expressing human emotion on canvas   The painting acquired its current name during the early 19th century, when a Dutch art dealer described the subject as that of a Jewish father giving a necklace to his daughter on her wedding day.   Today, while the identities of the two people remain obscure, most art historians believe them to be Isaac and his wife Rebecca from the Old Testament.

47.   Whether or not he intended it as a straightforward piece of Biblical art, there is no doubt however, that Rembrandt was depicting an intimate relationship between his two subjects. The man places his hand on the woman's bosom, while she moves instinctively to protect her modesty. Yet both show every sign of tenderness towards each other, so this is hardly a typical seduction scene.

48.   Despite the romance and love, however, this is not an entirely happy picture. Perhaps because Rembrandt himself was experiencing a certain physical strain in his work and life. Isaac has quite modest expectations in his eyes, as if he is uncertain what the future holds, while Rebecca appears thoughtful, almost distracted. In short, this is a masterclass in psychological portraiture, and is yet another reminder why Rembrandt is considered by many to rank among the best portrait artists, and is probably one of the best artists of all time.

49. Leyster, Self-Portrait 1635. Oil on canvas.

50.   Name means “guide star,” but the artist was a star in her hometown.   She was only 19 when her artwork started to be noticed   In Holland, as in the rest of Europe, professional women painters were indeed uncommon. Leyster was one of only two women accepted as a master in Haarlem’s painters’ guild during the entire 17th century.

51.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/holland/v/leyster-self https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/holland/v/leyster-self https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/holland/v/leyster-self  5 min.

52. Jan Vermeer. Woman Holding a Balance. C. 1664. Oil on canvas. 15” x 14”

53.  On Monday Schultz will be absent, you will watch Tim’s Vermeer. Which is an awesome movie about the theory that painters like Vermeer, Carravagio, and Rembrandt used optical illusions/ mirrors to paint.

54. More Vermeer…

55. Rachel Ruysch, Fruit and Insects

56.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/holland/v/ruysch-flowers- insects https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/holland/v/ruysch-flowers- insects https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/holland/v/ruysch-flowers- insects  4 min.

57. Spanish Baroque (1625-60)   Economic turmoil   Spanish Golden Age   Velázquez   Court Portraiture

58. Velazquez, Las Meninas. 1656. Oil on canvas. 10’5” x 9’1/2” Queen Mariana King Phillip Princess Margret Teresa

59.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/spain/v/vel-zquez-las-meninas- c-1656 https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/spain/v/vel-zquez-las-meninas- c-1656 https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/spain/v/vel-zquez-las-meninas- c-1656  6 min.

61. Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei

62. Handout  Do things to each paragraph…

63. Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and Hunting Scene

64.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/Colonial- Americas/v/brooklyn-biombo https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/Colonial- Americas/v/brooklyn-biombo https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/Colonial- Americas/v/brooklyn-biombo  7 min.

65. The Virgin of Guadalupe His work is signed by Miguel González, who along with his brother Juan González is considered the foremost painter of enconchados.

66.   Invented in Mexico, the enconchado technique consisted of placing tiny fragments of mother-of-pearl onto a wooden support or a canvas, and then covering them with a yellowish tint and thin glazes of paint. The technique, which is inspired on Asian decorative arts, imparts a brilliant luminosity to the works due to the iridescence of the shell fragments.

67.   This work depicts the famous Virgin of Guadalupe placed atop an eagle perched on a cactus, Mexico City's legendary coat of arms.   This is a significant detail that points to the rapid creation of the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe in the second half of the seventeenth century, and her increasing association with a local sense of identity.

69. French Baroque (1670-1715)   Becoming economic and artistic power   Poussin   La Tour   Versailles

71.  https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/france/v/poussin-et-in-arcadia https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/france/v/poussin-et-in-arcadia https://www.khanacademy.org/hum anities/monarchy- enlightenment/baroque- art1/france/v/poussin-et-in-arcadia  3 min.

72. Versailles Handout… do things

73. Documentary  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= i3a72XmInag https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= i3a72XmInag https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= i3a72XmInag  1 hr  Movie notes- write 10 facts

74. Versailles Facts Designed by Louis Le-Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart 1168-85 Under the Royal Academy of Architecture Math = beauty Baroque opulence Patron Louis XIV to show off his luxury and the splendor of France Includes crystal chandeliers, silver furniture, marble walls, velvet and gold hangings, 498 people were required to bring the king his meals – “not private people” Visual impact > comfort 240 ft hall of mirrors Gardens designed by Andre le Notre on math and symmetry “Symmetry always symmetry”

75. Vocabulary  Baldacchino: a canopy placed over an altar or shrine  Genre painting: painting in which scenes of every day life are depicted.  Tenebroso: a dramatic dark and light contrast in a painting  Vanitas: a theme in still life painting that stresses the brevity of life and the folly of human vanity.

76. Summary  Grand, majestic, colorful European art.  Illusion  Floating figures  Trompe l’oeil  Tenebristic lighting  Interaction with the viewer  Naturalistic painters with dramatic contrasts

77. Short Essay  The Counter Reformation Baroque style focuses on astonishing and overpowering its audience. Art of this time was also enlisted in serving the purposes of the church militant.  The Aristocratic Baroque style focuses on glorifying the state and asserting national power and prestige.  The Bourgeois Baroque was marked by the concentration on down-to-earth common people of the middle class. Choose and identify a work for one of the types of baroque art above. Identify the work and explain how it exemplifies the style you chose.