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Cells and Their Organelles
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Cell Membrane Phospholipid bilayer
Separates inside of cell from environment Maintains homeostasis via selective permeability
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Cell Wall Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists
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Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance in the cell
Suspends and protects organelles
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Vacuole Stores material within the cell
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Ribosome The sites of protein synthesis
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Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of membranes found throughout the cell Smooth: stores substances Rough: synthesize and package proteins
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Central Vacuole Store water for plants
Provide structure for plants when full
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Chloroplast Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color Site of photosynthesis
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Mitochondria Produces a usable form of energy (ATP) for the cell
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Nucleus Controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
Contains DNA
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Nucleolus Site where ribosomes are made
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Nuclear Membrane Keeps all of the chromatin and nucleolus inside
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Lysosomes Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria using enzymes
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Microtubules Proteins that help define cell structure and movement
Form part of the cytoskeleton
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Nuclear Pores Allows RNA and proteins to pass through
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Centrioles Help animal cells divide
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