1. University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 1 Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction Level of Evidence: Strong Institute of Education Sciences Adolescent Literacy Practice Guide

2. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 2 Research Includes Students From: Upper Elementary Middle/High School Diverse Geographic and Socioeconomic backgrounds

3. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 3 Recommendations For Teachers Of:  Reading and language arts classes  Content area classes such as social studies and science

4. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 4 All studies show effects on increased vocabulary learning. Only mixed results on effect of explicit vocabulary instruction on general measures of comprehension. Hypothesis: Whereas limited vocabulary interferes with comprehension, additional literacy skills are needed for successful reading comprehension. Caveat to Interpreting Research on Vocabulary Instruction

5. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 5 Vocabulary carries a large share of the meaning in content area texts.Implication: Integrating explicit vocabulary instruction into subject areas enhances students’ ability to acquire textbook vocabulary. Research to Support the Recommendation

6. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 6 A meta-analysis indicates the probability of learning meanings of new words while reading is relatively low--about 15%.Implication: Explicit vocabulary instruction is needed to ensure all students acquire print vocabulary needed for academic success. Research to Support the Recommendation

7. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 7 Words are best learned through repeated exposure in multiple contexts and domains. Research to Support the Recommendation Implication: Many content area texts contain specialized vocabulary students may not encounter outside their textbooks. Therefore, repeated exposures in varying contexts must be planned.

8. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 8 Explicit Vocabulary Instruction Two Major Approaches: Instruction in Strategies to Promote Independent Vocabulary Acquisition Skills Direct Instruction in Word Meanings The two approaches are complementary rather than conflicting.

9. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 9 How to Carry Out the Recommendation

10. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 10 1.Dedicate a portion of each regular classroom lesson to explicit vocabulary instruction.

11. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 11 2.Use repeated exposure to new words in multiple oral and written contexts and allow sufficient practice opportunities.

12. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 12 3.Give sufficient opportunities to use new vocabulary in a variety of contexts through activities such as discussions, writing, and extended reading.

13. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 13 4.Provide students with strategies to make them independent vocabulary learners.

14. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 14 Steps for Carrying Out the Recommendation 1. Dedicate a portion of regular classroom lessons to explicit vocabulary instruction. 2. Use repeated exposures to new words in multiple oral and written contexts and allow sufficient practice. 3. Give sufficient opportunities to use new vocabulary in a variety of contexts through activities such as discussion, writing and extended reading. 4. Provide students with strategies to make them independent vocabulary learners.

15. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 15 Other Considerations Criteria for Selecting Words for Explicit Vocabulary Instruction:  Literary Text Tiered categories of words - Tier I, Tier II, Tier III Tier II words are focus of explicit instruction  Content Materials Select on the basis of how important the words are for learning in the particular discipline

16. IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction IES Adolescent Literacy Recommendations Recommendation 1 Provide Explicit Vocabulary Instruction University of Oregon College of Education Center on Teaching and Learning C TL 16 Other Considerations Although explicitly teaching vocabulary in each content area lesson requiring reading will take a few minutes of additional time…it will pay substantial dividends for student learning in the long run.