1. Medical Imaging
Lection 3

2. Basic Questions Imaging in Medical Sciences Transmission Imaging
PACS and DICOM

3. 1. Imaging in Medical Sciences
A Multidisciplinary Field
Medical Imaging and Image Analysis
Medical Imaging Modalities
Medical Imaging Information

11. Scheme of image processing

12. Paradigms of medical image processing

13. 2. Transmission Imaging Medical Imaging Thru Transmission
Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation and Imaging
X-ray Imaging and Radiography
CT imaging – in the past and current
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Optical Imaging
Emerging Technologies

61. 3. PACS and DICOM Picture archiving and communication system
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

62. Picture archiving and communication system
In medical imaging, picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are computers or networks dedicated to the storage, retrieval, distribution and presentation of images.
The most common format for image storage is DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine).

63. Picture archiving and communication system uses
PACS replaces hard-copy based means of managing medical images, such as film archives.
It expands on the possibilities of such conventional systems by providing capabilities of off-site viewing and reporting (distance education, telediagnosis).
Additionally, it enables practitioners at various physical locations to access the same information simultaneously.
provide a single point of access for images and their associated data. It should also interface with existing hospital information systems (HIS)

64. Picture archiving and communication system architecture
Typically a PACS network consists of:
a central server that stores a database containing the images connected to one or more clients via a LAN or a WAN which provide or utilize the images.
Web-based Picture archiving and communication system is becoming more and more common: these systems utilize the Internet as their means of communication, usually via VPN (Virtual Private Network) or SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). The software (thin or smart client) is loaded via ActiveX, Java, or .NET Framework.
Client workstations can use local peripherals for scanning image films into the system, printing image films from the system and interactive display of digital images.

65. PACS aim

66. PACS purpose

67. PACS examples

68. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
It is a standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging.
It includes a file format definition and a network communications protocol.
The communication protocol is an application protocol that uses TCP/IP to communicate between systems.
DICOM files can be exchanged between two entities that are capable of receiving image and patient data in DICOM format.

69. DICOM
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) holds the copyright to this standard.
DICOM enables the integration of scanners, servers, workstations, printers, and network hardware from multiple manufacturers into a PACS.
The different devices come with DICOM conformance statements which clearly state the DICOM classes they support.

70. DICOM
DICOM differs from other data formats in that it groups information into data sets. That means that a file of an X-Ray of a chest actually contains the patient ID within the file, so that the image can never be separated from this information by mistake.
A DICOM data object consists of a number of attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc., and also one special attribute containing the image pixel data (i.e. logically, the main object has no "header" as such - merely a list of attributes, including the pixel data).

71.
DICOM

72.
DICOM

73. DICOM

74. The End