1. “The Fight for America”

2. General Gage was after the ring leaders of the rebellions Patriot farmers and townspeople began practicing for a confrontation Patriots watched British movements People were to watch the “Bell Tower” in Christ’s Church in Boston One if the British came by land and Two if By Sea

3. April 18, 1775 Paul Revere and Bill Dawes head toward Lexington and Concord They were caught and arrested 77 militiamen waited for the British 8 militiamen were killed and the militia men were pushed back Concord was warned Militia were ready (3,000 to 4,000) Guerilla Tactics were used. British retreat back to Boston

4. June, 1775 Took place on Breed’s Hill "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” The Americans drove back two British charges before they ran out of ammunition. Americans fled with British 3 rd charge. More than 1,000 British soldiers and about 400 Americans were killed or wounded. We won, they won

5. Written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 Drew on ideas from John Locke Natural Rights Consent of the Governed Grievances Injustices of the Slave Trade

6. The British thought that only New England was rebelling. If they took New York they could isolate New England and contain the fighting Washington knew of this plan and headed to New York Washington and 23,000 colonial troops were almost cornered on Manhattan Island Americans were chased through New Jersey and Pennsylvania

7. Trenton New Jersey was held by the Hessians Hessians were German soldiers for hire (mercenaries) A fierce storm had erupted The Hessians were unprepared for an attack; celebrating holiday Christmas- 12/25/1776 Washington and 2,400 men crossed the Delaware River for a surprise attack Trenton brought the victory Washington needed; morale booster

8. The British under General Howe wanted the American capital in Philadelphia The Continental Congress had to flee the city Washington tried to block the British from entering the city at the Battle of Brandywine Creek Washington lost

9. British General Johnny Burgoyne planned to take the army from Canada to Albany New York Burgoyne took 8,000 men with him In addition to various “equipment” The British get bogged down in the underbrush, trees, and gullies of the forest

10. Continental Army appoints General Horatio Gates to lead this portion of the campaign He is a very successful General Burgoyne does not receive any reinforcements as planned American troops surround the British and he is forced to surrender to Gates

11. 1. Never again would the British send troops through the countryside 2. Americans now had proof that they could win 3. Now able to persuade France to Assist the U.S.

12. In 1778 the U.S. and France signed an alliance France recognized US independence Agreed to assist the US until independence was achieved Spain joined the fight in 1779 Made the port of New Orleans available to America Got Florida Back

13. Located just outside Philadelphia, it was the sight of the “winter camp” for the Continentals Proved to be a low point Harsh weather, poor conditions, lacking supplies, disease and deserting was rampant. Despite the conditions, Baron Friedrich von Steuben (Prussian) drilled the soldiers, improved their discipline and they came out as a well trained army.

14. Focus turns to the South Regain a foothold there and then head North 1780 General Henry Clinton replaces General Howe He and General Cornwallis bring 8,500 men to America In May of 1780 they take Charles Town South Carolina British have much success in 1780… in 1781 the tide will change

15. Battle of Cowpens (South Carolina) In January of 1781 British and American forces meet at Cowpens South Carolina. The Americans under Greene are victorious Occurs 2 months after Cowpens Cornwallis wins but it costs him ¼ of his troops Battle of Guilford Courthouse (North Carolina)

16. British General Charles Cornwallis sets up camp in Yorktown Virginia Together the French and Americans head toward Yorktown with 17,000 troops The British are surrounded British navy doesn’t come to the aid of Cornwallis After three weeks, October 18 th 1781 Cornwallis surrenders

17. Terms of the Treaty Britain recognized the 13 colonies as independent states. The Americans regained their right to fish off the banks of Newfoundland All debts owed by citizens of either nation to creditors of the other were to be paid. Loyalists were not to be persecuted

18. New Nation Boundaries On the north by Canada and the Great Lakes On the South by Spanish controlled Florida which extended then to the Mississippi River On the east by the Atlantic Ocean On the West by the Mississippi River