1. Mary Wollstonecraft Feminism
Social order founded on reason, therefore men and women should be treated as equals
Traveled through France during the Revolution
Met with great minds, argued with Rousseau
Died during childbirth

2. Founding Fathers of America
Thomas Paine
English American
Founding Fathers of America
Common Sense
Involved in the French Revolution
The Age of Reason
Argued for a “minimum income”

3. The Mind is a blank slate “Tabla Rasa” Separate Church and State
John Locke
The Mind is a blank slate
“Tabla Rasa”
Separate Church and State
Two Treatises of Government
Some Thoughts Concerning Education
Human Rights- All men are equal

4. “Reason is a guide that leads one astray”
Pierre Bayle
French philosopher
A skeptic
“Reason is a guide that leads one astray”
Historical and Critical Dictionary
Tolerance

5. “Father of Natural History” Precursor to Darwin
G.L. Buffon
French Naturalist
“Father of Natural History”
Precursor to Darwin
First to mention Climate Change!
Monogenism
Degeneration Theory

6. Thomas Hobbes English Philosopher Leviathan Social Contract Theory
Natural equality of all people
Legitimate Power must be representative
A strong Central Government is necessary to keep the people in line

7. Shunned organized Religion Inalienable Rights
Thomas Jefferson
American President
Shunned organized Religion
Inalienable Rights
Government needed to protect the liberty of individuals

8. Jean le Rond d’ Alembert
French Mathematician
Illegitimate orphan
Co-editor for the Encyclopedie (math and science sections)
Many mathematical and scientific theories
(fluid mechanics and refraction)

9. French lawyer and Philosopher Theory of Separation of Powers
Montesquieu
French lawyer and Philosopher
Theory of Separation of Powers
The idea of checks and balances in government
Advocating the reform of slavery

10. Famous for his witty attacks on the Catholic Church
Voltaire
French philosopher
Famous for his witty attacks on the Catholic Church
Changes his name after spending time in Bastille
Used 178 different pen names

11. Declaration of the Rights of Women
Olympe de gouges
French Feminist
Declaration of the Rights of Women
French Revolution era

12. French physicist and author Translated Isaac Newton’s work into French
Madame du Chatelet
French physicist and author
Translated Isaac Newton’s work into French
One of Voltaire’s lovers
“A great man, whose only fault was being a woman.”

13. French philosopher/writer Co founder/editor of Encyclopedie
Denis Diderot
French philosopher/writer
Co founder/editor of Encyclopedie
Wrote “The Skeptic’s Walk”
Local police seized it at the request of the Catholic Church

14. Attacked organized religion
Baron paul d’ holbach
German- French
Hosted a Paris Salon
Atheist
The System of Nature
Attacked organized religion

15. Discourse on Inequality
Jean Jacques Rousseau
French philosopher
Discourse on Inequality
Believed People were ultimately good, but corrupted by civilization.
Strong Central government was a necessity
(Similar views to Hobbes)

16. Reason is the source of morality Atheist
Immanuel Kant
German
Reason is the source of morality
Atheist
Peace will come through universal democracy

17. Scottish Philosopher/Economist
Adam smith
Scottish Philosopher/Economist
Wealth of Nations
He believed in Laissez-Faire, or a free market economy

18. Italian philosopher and Criminologist
Cesare beccaria
Italian philosopher and Criminologist
On Crimes and Punishments
Condemned torture and the death penalty
Reforming the field of penology

19. Leading female figures of the French Enlightenment
Madame geoffrin
Leading female figures of the French Enlightenment
Welcoming environment in Paris, invited all the “big” names to her Salon