2. CCD Observations and Preliminary Analysis of the “End-of-the-Line” W UMa Eclipsing Binary V523 Cas Presenting Authors: Russell M. Genet, Orion Observatory Thomas C. Smith, Dark Ridge Observatory Contributing Authors: Dirk Terrell, Southwest Research Institute Laurance Doyle, SETI Institute

3. Program Overview First year “pilot” Concentrated on two W UMa binaries Complete light curves every night Often from two observatories Primary science goal Study changes in light curve shapes Secondary science goals Precise seasonal ephemeredes Consider hot “Jupiter” transits Technical goals Develop analytical tools Explore photometric precision

4. Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

5. Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

6. Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

7. Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

8. W UMa’s Binaries Over contact Dissimilar stars Common envelope Yet nearly same temperature Very Different masses Huge transfer of energy Large to small

9. Color – Period Relationship

11. AW More evolved Higher masses Thicker envelopes Unevolved Lower masses Cannot achieve equilibrium Period changes Light curve variability Brighter star Dimmer star A and W Type W-UMa Binaries

12. W Type W UMa Variability Large Rosby number  Fast rotators  Long convection turnover times For single stars Late Slow rotator For W UMa Late Fast rotator Ideal “laboratories” for magnetic activity Revealed through changing light curves “Movies” instead of disjointed snapshots

13. Bright Northern Short Period W UMa’s

14. Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

15. Intrinsic Period Changes Angular Momentum Loss Gravitational radiation Mass loss Magnetic breaking Mass transfer between stars Applegate effect

16. Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

17. SETI Visit with Laurance Doyle

18. Barycenters

19. V523 Cas Long-Term O-C

20. CM Dra Program

21. Photometric / Magnetic Variability Intrinsic Period Changes Third – Body Period Changes Planetary Transits Introduction to W UMa Binaries

22. Transit Perspective II I Inclination Angle

23. High Inclination W UMa Stars

24. Solar Radii vs. Line-of-Sight Inclination Angle

25. Three Transit Plots

26. Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

27. Dark Ridge Observatory (DRO)

28. Orion Observatory (OO)

29. Image Reduction Flowchart

30. DRO/OO Observational Database 2004

31. Light-Curve Database

32. Raw Text File to Raw Excel 25K Sub buildPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database Dim myRs As Recordset Set myDb = CurrentDb() Set myRs = myDb.OpenRecordset("Select * from tblLightCurve", dbOpenDynaset) Do While Not myRs.EOF myRs.Edit myRs.Fields("Phase").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).phase myRs.Fields("Cycle").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).Cycle myRs.Update myRs.MoveNext Loop MsgBox "Done" End Sub Sub buildAdjustedPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database 1 2 3 Raw Source Database 1a

33. Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

34. V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

35. Analysis Considerations Specialized analysis Complete light curves only Many complete curves Multiple observatories Preliminary Analysis not completed No ensemble photometry yet Automation Not just labor efficiency Parametric outer loop In conjunction with WD (Terrell)

36. Edits and Adjustments

37. 25K Database24,761 Bad Weather-3,232 C&K Zeros-54 3-Sigma Cuts-173 V-C Outliers-54 21K Database21,248 Edits and Adjustments

38. Beginning and Ending Database Rows

39. Typical DRO 21K Database Light Curve

40. Typical OO 21K Database Light Curve

41. Classical Analysis

42. Robert Nelson’s Minima23

43. V523 Cas Seasonal O-C

44. Phase-Binned Analysis

45. Eclipsing Binary Phases 0.000.250.500.000.750.25

46. HJD to Phase Transformation Epoch – JD Obs Period {} = Φ Epoch = 2453234.63551606 Period = 0.23369537

47. 21K Data Point Phase Plot V523 Cas

48. Phase Binning Epoch – JD Obs Period {} = Φ

49. Phase – Binned Analysis I...

50. Phase – Binned Analysis II... Difference Engine...

51. V523 Cas 2004 Season Master Curve Utilizing the Binning Method

52. Symmetry Analysis

53. Symmetry Algorithm … … Y 2 = Y 1 + (X 2 – X 1 )(Y 3 – Y 1 ) (X 3 – X 1 ) Σ N S=1 (Y 2 L – Y 2 R) =... …… N132N123 X1X1 X1X1 X2X2 X3X3 X2X2 X3X3 LeftRight Y1Y1 Y3Y3 Y2Y2 Y1Y1 Y3Y3 Y2Y2

54. Total Phase

55. Secondary Minima Narrow

56. First Maxima Narrow

57. Presentation Outline Introduction to W UMa Binaries Observations and Reduction V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis V523 Cas “Movie” Question & Answers Russ Tom Russ Tom All

58. Making the Movie 35 pictures were created from the binned, zero-shifted V-C plots. The pictures have been arranged in chronological order to represent the nightly results and to show the night-to- night changes in the shapes of the light curves as compared to the master season curve created from all 21K observations. The following 35 frames represent a visual depiction of those changes in a somewhat dynamic show.

59. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots

60. Frame 1

61. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 2

62. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 3

63. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 4

64. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 5

65. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 6

66. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 7

67. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 8

68. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 9

69. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 10

70. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 11

71. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 12

72. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 13

73. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 14

74. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 15

75. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 16

76. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 17

77. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 18

78. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 19

79. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 20

80. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 21

81. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 22

82. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 23

83. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 24

84. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 25

85. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 26

86. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 27

87. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 28

88. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 29

89. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 30

90. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 31

91. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 32

92. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 33

93. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 34

94. V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plots Frame 35

95. Preliminary Conclusions Changes in light curve shapes Definite changes September to December Possible changes within August and September Small O-C variations Difficult to detect within season But likely between seasons May detect distant “Jupiters” (over several years) Transits Several W UMa candidates Detection difficult due to changing times of transit / spots

96. Potential Future Efforts Dirk Terrell, Darth’s other side! The Master Modeler… Photometric precision Parametric analysis / automation Data archives to AAVSO Give V1191 Cyg THE treatment Between season comparisions Wilson – Devinney Analysis With his extensive Galactic travels we asked the expert for his assistance with the WD analysis.

97. Questions & Answers Genet / Smith V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Report