1. Waste Management Systems Objective: Analyze waste management systems used in the livestock and poultry industry.

2. The Publics Concern Divide into groups of three Brainstorm potential problems from animal waste “What should we be concerned about?” Record your concerns on scratch paper Be prepared to share your answers

3. Regulation of Animal Waste It is against the law for anyone to cause water quality standards violations It is a violation of state law for waste to reach surface water Streams Lakes Rivers Ponds

4. Regulation of Animal Waste Senate Bill 1217 every animal operation must use an approved waste management program 100+ confined cattle 75+ horses 1,000+ sheep 30,000+ confined poultry Must have a permit Operators must be certified

5. Regulation of Animal Waste Surface Water- can be contaminated by discharges from lagoons or run-off from sprayfields. In 1998, there were 107 documented discharges from swine facilities with 31 of these reaching the surface waters. Groundwater- can be contaminated either through leaking lagoons or leaching of sprayfield applied waste. Source: North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resoources (2003) http://www.enr.state.nc.us/

6. Regulation of Animal Waste Violations: $10,000 per day penalty if there is a man made ditch to route waste away from a lagoon or holding pit even if no waste is discharged

7. Regulation of Animal Waste Violations: In addition to fines and lawsuits by government agencies, third-party lawsuits can be made against livestock operations

8. Regulation of Animal Waste In addition to state regulation local regulations apply: County City Zoning for facility location It is easier to prevent animal waste problems than to correct them

9. Trends (Swine)

10. Lagoon

11. Types of Waste Management Systems Objective: Describe waste management practices used in the livestock and poultry industry

12. Types of Waste Management Systems 1. Type A Anaerobic lagoon Soil/plant systems Low fiber Swine and Poultry 2. Type B Primarily soil/plant systems High fiber Cattle, horses, sheep

13. Best Management Practices What are the best practices??? Practices that reduce the loss of nutrients thereby reducing the potential for negative environmental impact Nitrogen Phosphorus

14. Best Management Practices Example of Best Practices: Buffers- distance from streams, homes, property lines Grassed waterways Cover crops Conservation tillage Strip cropping Contour planting Crop residue management

15. Grassed Waterways

17. Strip Cropping

19. Conservation Tillage

20. Contour planting

21. North Carolina’s Animal Waste Management Plan Components of NC’s Waste Mgt. Plan: 1. Odor control 2. Insect control 3. Animal mortality- approved methods for disposing of dead animals 4. Waste and soil sampling- testing of both animals waste and the soil it is applied to

22. North Carolina’s Animal Waste Management Plan 5. Record keeping Soil analysis Waste analysis Land application dates Rates of application 6. Waste application rates Follow the waste utilization plan

23. North Carolina’s Animal Waste Management Plan Waste Utilization Plan 1. Source of nutrients 2. Amounts 3. Placement 4. Timing of nutrient application Coastal Bermuda grass is used on most land where waste is applied Removes high amounts of nutrients Erosion control