1. Chemistry project 3B Chiu Wing Yan 24 Kwan Chi Ting 25 Lau Yan Ting 26 Wong Wun Ching 33 自己做 100% 無添加洗顏 & 沐浴 & 洗髮精

2. Introduction WHAT kind of liquid soap is suitable for us ? WHY it is GOOD for us ? HOW to make a liquid soap ?

3. WHAT kind of liquid soap is suitable for us ? different materials ~herb ~fruits / vegetables -> use to instead water skin ~dry / normal / oily skin

4. WHY it is GOOD for us ? easy to make ~ high success rate convenient to use ~ environmental and safety avoid chemicals (emulsifier 乳化劑,thickener 增 稠劑 ) ~no skin sensibility

5. HOW to make a liquid soap ? know what kind of skin and needs you are choose the materials ~ no unsaponifiable ( 未皂化的 ) matter follow the steps of experiment

6. Formulae Oil + Potassium hydroxide  chemical reaction =liquid soap use level of Potassium hydroxide use level of water

7. use level of Potassium hydroxide = oil weight × saponification value ~saponification value = the need of alkalis grams of each gram of oil use level of water ~the water of dissolving Potassium hydroxide = use level of Potassium hydroxide x 3 ~the water of dissolving the soap = oil weight x 1~2

8. Example oil weight= Cocoanut oil + Olive oil 80g + 370g ＝ 450g use level of Potassium hydroxide ＝ Cocoanut oil × Saponification value of Cocoanut oil + Olive oil × Saponification value of Olive oil ＝ 80g × 0.2660 + 370g × 0.1876 ＝ 21.28+69.412 ＝ 90.692

9. Experiment  put the oil into kettle  heat the oil to 80 ℃  pour the water into Potassium hydroxide (alkaline solution is produced)  use the thermometer to stir the solution  check the temperature  pour the alkaline solution into the kettle

10.  stir ~after 10 mins appear small white bobbles ~after 25 mins appear some smoke ~after 45 mins become creamy ~after 60 mins become thick and close to solid

11.  put in a Styrofoam box ~24 hours  put the soap at a dry place ~two weeks  tear the solid soap into small pieces  add hot water  stir  FINISH

12. Affects the experiment of chemistry is so professional ~ we can’t do it ourselves the knowledge of chemistry is related to our daily life ~ Potassium hydroxide  soap

13. Comment increase the knowledge and interests of chemistry ~ including many formulae easily to understand ~ complicated idea  picture + simple words ~clear steps

14. readers can have high sense of participation ~including many suggestion tips Q: How can I reduce the time of stirring the liquid soap? A: Add some cold water/increase the heat water! improve the skin and hair ~most suitable for your skin

15. ~THE END~