1. Diagnosics by Dr. Zhuoren Lu First Hospital Xian Jiaotong University

2. Section I Introduction A. Why do we have to learn Diagnostics? To make diagnosis The principles and methods of diagnosis Some basic knowledge: (1) rules and mechanism of some symptoms and signs (2) technique of taking history and making physical examination (3) clinical thinking methods and processes

3. Diagnostics is as a bridge connecting the basic medicine with clinical medicine. It is the fundamental subject of all of the clinical medical courses. Now, is it still necessary to take histories and do physical examination? To obtain information of the uncomfort from patients themselves (interview or inquisition) To decide what kind of tests we should do To check the patient with simple way first (physical examination) The findings from physical examination are really believable.

4. B. What is involved in Diagnostics? 1. Symptoms and inquisition systemic, careful and skillful inquisition is one of the basic technique 2. Physical examination (Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation and smelling) the standard technique of physical examination how to check and find some positive signs why these symptoms and signs can be found what significance is of them

5. 3. Lab tests and Instrumental examination some basic tests with physical, chemical and biological methods electrocardiogram, ultrasonic examination  how to analyze the results combined with the clinical findings

6. C. How do we learn the Diagnostics? 1. practice and practice 2. thinking and thinking We should learn how to think and analyze every clinical findings and how to find their real relationship, causes, and so on. 3. learn to be a doctor The characteristics of a doctor should be very kind, patient, gentle and careful to the patients. The principle: always do everything you can for the patients!