1. Unit 6 - Learning Module 26

2. Learning Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors

3. Behaviorism and the Behaviorists Psychology should only include the investigation of observable and measurable behaviors.

4. Classical Conditioning A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural and a neutral stimulus Easy Button

5. Stimulus and Response Stimulus Anything that causes a reaction Response Any reaction that is voluntary or involuntary

6. Ivan Pavlov Russian Study dogs digestive system 1904 Nobel Prize – learning by association Classical conditioning

8. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Stimulus that automatically elicits a response Pavlov’s Experiment Dog food Easy button Air gun

9. Unconditioned Response (UCR) An automatic response to a particular natural stimulus Pavlov’s Experiment Salivation Easy button Flinch

10. Neutral Stimulus (NS) Any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning Pavlov’s experiment Bell Easy button

11. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Previous neutral stimulus that has been associated with a natural stimulus Pavlov’s Experiment Bell Easy button

12. Conditioned Response (CR) Learned reaction caused by a conditioned stimulus (CS) that is the same or similar to the unconditioned response (UR) Pavlov’s Experiment Salivation Easy Button Flinch

13. Let’s Practice Every time someone flushes a toilet in a health club locker room, the nearby shower becomes hot. The sudden stream of hot water causes the person taking a nearby shower to jump back. Over time, the person hears the flush and then automatically jumps back before the water temperature changes.

14. AP Psych Scores 2015 ScoreNationalIllinois 520%27% 426%28% 320%18% 213%11% 121%17% 3 or  66%73%

15. Important!!!! Classical Conditioning Associating a new stimulus with a stimulus that automatically and involuntarily brings about the response Must be involuntary response Heartbeat Breathing Sweating Sadness Fear

16. Here’s Another… A song is played frequently when Colette is out with her boyfriend whom she loves. Now when she hears the song, it causes her to have positive emotions. UCS: UCR: NS: CS: CR:

17. Other Key Ideas Acquisition Initial learning Generalization Tendency for a stimuli similar to the original stimulus also elicit the conditioned response Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when listening to any similar song (CS). Discrimination Ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when listening to only the specific song (CS)

18. Other Key Ideas Extinction When the conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer causes a conditioned response (CR). Colette no longer responds with positive emotions to specific song because they have been broken up for several months. Spontaneous Recovery The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response (CR) to the conditioned stimulus (CS) after a delay. Colette hears the song a year later and has positive emotions.

19. Other Key Ideas Reconditioning After extinction, the rapid relearning of a CR because of the CS being paired with the UCS again. Illustrates that extinction involves weakening and not the complete elimination of the CR

20. John Watson Father of American Behaviorism Classical conditioning to create a learned response of fear Little Albert Experiment Generalization video

21. Counterconditioning Mary Cover Jones Behavior therapy – behavior modification Remove fear UCS that create involuntary feelings of pleasant emotions are paired with the anxiety-producing object until it is no longer produces fear Classical Conditioning song