1. Abolitionism What is abolitionism? Did all Northerners want abolitionism? Why? Who were famous abolitionists?

2. The Crusade against Slavery Early Opposition to Slavery –Early 1800s focus was on re-location back to Africa –1817 American Colonization Society worked carefully to challenge slavery without challenging property rights –gradual manumission –1830 Shipment of African Americans back to Africa –1846 Independent Republic of Liberia

3. William Lloyd Garrison* –founded the newspaper Liberator –urged shift of focus to the black perspective –rejection of “gradualism” –rejection of “colonization” –founded New England Anti-Slavery Society –1835 = 400 chapters / by 1838 = 1,350 chapters Black Abolitionists –1850 250,000 free blacks in the North

4. Black Abolitionists Cont’d –lived in conditions of poverty and oppression often worse than southern slaves victims of mob violence no access to education could not vote barred from occupations kidnapping Proud of freedom –David Walker Appeal to the Colored Citizens “kill or be killed” –Sojourner Truth powerful female spokesperson for the abolition of slavery

5. Black Abolitionists Cont’d –Frederick Douglass electrifying orator born a slave in Maryland but escaped to freedom North Star demanded not only freedom, but social equality forged alliance with Garrison

6. Anti-Abolitionism –feared abolitionism would produce a destructive war between sections –threat to stability –escalating wave of violence towards abolitionists –efforts to keep black children out of school in the North –race riots in urban settings –Elijah Lovejoy

7. Abolitionism Divided –Garrison again calls for overthrow of Constitution call for equal rights for women in organization leads to division expulsion of slave states from the union –Moderate vs. Garrisonian approach –Amistad –Free-Soil campaign –Smuggling of Arms to Kansas –Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin* sold 300,000 copies within a year of publication anti-slavery story/book