1. Section 10.2 The Dream Foreclosed

2. Today’s Agenda 10.2 Slide Show Presentations Homework Finish reading Chapter 10.2 & begin 10.3 Quiz on Chapter 10 Thursday (40-50 points)

3. "And then the dispossessed were drawn west- from Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico; from Nevada and Arkansas, families, tribes, dusted out, tractored out. Car-loads, caravans, homeless and hungry; twenty thousand and fifty thousand and a hundred thousand and two hundred thousand. They streamed over the mountains, hungry and restless - restless as ants, scurrying to find work to do - to lift, to push, to pull, to pick, to cut - anything, any burden to bear, for food. The kids are hungry. We got no place to live. Like ants scurrying for work, for food, and most of all for land." - John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 What is Steinbeck talking about?

4. Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to: Define and describe the Dust Bowl Define foreclosure and Penny auction Define Okie and list 3 characteristics of their life Compare the effects of the Depression on tenant farmers with urban workers Describe a Hooverville in a short paragraph Describe how the role of fathers and mothers were affected by the Depression Describe the impact of the Depression socially, physiologically and nutritionally

5. What was the Dust Bowl? ecological and human disaster that took place in the southwestern Great Plains region (Oklahoma/Texas) 1933- 1934 Term coined because as the land dried up, great clouds of dust and sand, carried by the wind, covered everything caused by –misuse of land –years of sustained drought Millions of acres of farmland became useless hundreds of thousands migrated to California

6. Dust Bowl Refugees The Okies

7. What happened to farms? Overproduction + falling prices = inability for farmers to pay their mortgages Banks foreclosed (repossessed) farms and auctioned them off Penny Auction- collective effort of farmers to ‘buy’ foreclosed farms/equipment at low prices and return it to original owner

9. Who were the Okies? Okie = migrating homeless Midwestern farmers (some from Oklahoma) of 1930s Migrated mainly to California along Route 66. 15% of the Oklahoma population left Called the migrants "Okies", regardless of whether they were actually from Oklahoma term was disrespectful and used in a derogatory manner, with connotations of homeless, poverty, hickishness Lived outside of towns in Hoovervilles Paid starvation wages for laborious farm labor

10. California: The Promised Land

11. What happened to tenant farmers during the Depression? Rented land that they farmed To get prices to rise government encouraged farm owners to let some land lie fallow Gave owners $ to buy better equipment –No longer needed farm laborers Owners threw tenants off land

12. How were Mexican American treated during the Depression? Discriminated against More than 12 thousand (some US citizens) rounded up in 1931-34 and repatriated (sent back to Mexico)

13. Dust Bowl

14. What are Hoovervilles? About 2 million homeless in ’32 Constructed temporary shelters Conditions varied Some squalid, garbage/rat laden Others humble but clean

15. Hoovervilles

16. How was the role of the father affected? Traditionally the provider Unemployment = lost status, self-esteem No longer the breadwinner Some sank into depression Abandonment Others sought work daily Kept busy (see quote on page 341) Painted house for 2 years

17. How was the role of mother affected? Traditional role as homemaker bolstered Depression less drastic effect Controlled family budget and rationing Domestic industries revived Illegal for more than 1 member of family to work for gov. 25% increase in female employment

18. Invisible Scar

19. What was the “Invisible Scar”? Psychological fear of impending disaster –Tore some families apart –Ashamed, less social –Lack of hope Marriage, children put off –Malnourishment common

20. Families Fall Apart

21. Bruce Springsteen's Ghost of Tom Joad