0. University Medical Centre Ljubljana
dr. Marija Molan
University Medical Centre Ljubljana
Slovenia

1. Key lecture 1: Psychological Stress and Risk Assessment
dr. Marija Molan
University Medical Centre Ljubljana
EASOM - European Association of Schools of Occupational Medicine
Bled 2015

2. EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
Issues
Perception of stress
Perception of strain
Psychological stress at the workplace (something new or heritage from the past):
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
What is more important at the workplace?
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

3. Risk assessment
Experiences in identification
Evaluation
Reduction of environmental risk
Safety management
Due to health and safety legislation
Due to the obviousness of the environmental risk
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

4. Psychosocial risk
Reality of the working places in the 21st century
Poor psychosocial environment (what does it mean?)
Less obvious (hidden)
Depends on individual perception
Depends on expertise of evaluators (health physicians, psychologists, safety engineers)
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

5. Evaluation of psychosocial risk
Is it possible to evaluate psychosocial risk?
Is this evaluation as precise as evaluation of environmental risk?
Is reduction of psychosocial risk possible?
How to do this?
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

6. Main issues
Different approach compared to environmental risk
Decision limited on symptoms of poor psychosocial environment
Decision on the top
Step-by-step approach
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

7. First step: Critical Incidents Technique (CIT)
Original Flanagan’s CIT from 1954
Modification of the method
Description of stressful situations by workers reporting stress and strain
Write or report (better is to write)
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

8. EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
Graph of the CIT
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
Legend:
w1 ... What
w2 ... When
w3 ... Who
w4 ... Where
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

9. Obligatory elements of report
Description of the critical situation as precisely as possible (causes, environment, crew, time, outcomes)
Individual feelings and perceptions
Actions taken during an incident
Changes (if any) in worker’s future behavior (consequences fear…)
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

10. Second step: Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Original method developed for NASA
Flow chart and timeline of the incident
Identification of event’s critical points
Identification of event’s causes
Reduction of the problem
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

11. EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
Graph of the RCA
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
Legend:
O ... Organization
T ... Technology
E ... Environment
M ... Man
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

12. Third step: definition of critical limits
Proportion of workers reporting the same event
Number of workers reporting the same incident defined in advance
Depends on the seriousness of the problem
More workers report the same incident – higher probability of indentified risks
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

13. Fourth step: evaluation of identified risk
Collection of well being data from the workplace
Matching of well being data with indentified risks
Identification of correlations between both kinds of data
Identification of most exposed workplaces or positions
Indentified root causes (step 2) connected to poor well being
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

14. Fifth step: elimination of main root causes
Identification of possible elimination intervention for each particular root cause of perceived strain or stress
Elimination intervention defined as humanization measures
Collection of the best humanization measures with participation of workers
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

15. Sixth step: Availability Humanization (AH)
Cost estimations according to AH model
Decrease of well being evaluation (costs of sick leave, absence, decrease of functions)
Costs of humanization measures evaluation (costs of recruitment, education, training)
Comparison of all costs (estimated cost of humanization interventions and estimated costs of well being decrease)
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

16. EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
Graph of the AH-model
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

17. The most important outcomes
Identification of problems root causes
Identification of possible eliminations
Psychosocial risk should be managed
All interventions need some investments
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

18. The overview: Integration of proposed methods
Critical incident technique (CIT)
Root cause analysis (RCA)
Availability humanization model (AH model)
EASOM - European Association of Scools of Occupational Medicine
dr. Marija Molan, Bled 2015

19. University Medical Centre Ljubljana
dr. Marija Molan
University Medical Centre Ljubljana
Slovenia