1. From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers Mr. Burns

2. Primary Sources A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. Were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

3. Primary Sources ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings

4. Examples of Primary Sources Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History Weavings and pottery - Native American history Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece

5. Secondary Sources A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. One or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.

6. Primary Sources PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticismes, commentaires, encyclopédies

7. Examples of Secondary Sources A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings A history textbook A book about the effects of WWI

8. Dating Systems B.C., which stands for "Before Christ," A.D. means "in the year of our Lord," (B.C.E.) Before the Common Era (C.E.), Common Era Exactly the same as B.C. and A.D. but have nothing to do with Christianity.

9. The Time Period Stone Age— – period of time when early humans used stone to make tools. – Begins with hominids who could make tools, lasts until people began using metal – 2 million BCE-3000 BCE

10. From the Old to New Stone Age Over thousands of years, people learned to raise animals and plant foods. How do you think learning to keep animals and farm changed the way people lived?

13. Creating a Stable Food Supply Early farmers learned to domesticate animals. They raised sheep, goats, and cattle for meat. They used other animals to help them work. – Domesticate—to train a wild animal to be useful to humans Agriculture created a more stable food supply – Agriculture is the business of farming

14. Making Permanent Shelters Why do you think people lived in temporary shelters? – Because they were hunter gatherers. This meant they were constantly moving around for food. As people settled down to farm, they started building more permanent shelters – Mud and stone were used to build the homes – Ladders were used to get into the openings high in the walls of the structure

16. How did permanent shelter change the way people lived? Protection from harsh weather and wild animals Life was more comfortable New ways of cooking were developed People formed larger communities

17. Communities With agriculture, came the development of early villages How did living in communities change the way people lived? – Division of jobs – Groups of people working together made jobs more efficient – More time to invent new ideas – Better defense All of this lead to larger and larger populations

18. Jobs Paleolithic times—people’s main job was finding food Neolithic times—agriculture creates stable food supply so people can develop specialized skills – Farmers – Clothing makers – Craftspeople, stoneworkers

20. Trade Hunter/gatherers rarely traded Trading became much more common when communities formed – Traded for resources like flint and ores – Trade was not easy! – Brought people in contact with others thus allowing for sharing if ideas, resources, and knowledge

22. How did agriculture change the way people lived? Stable food supply Permanent housing Communities Jobs Trade