1. Geomorphology

2. Lake Formation graben- downfaulted trough; e.g. Lake Tahoe
caldera- subsidence of magma chamber; e.g. Crater Lake, OR
Landslides
glacial activity- e.g. scour, morain dams, & ice melt
solution- CaCO3 (limestone)
Oxbow
wind- playa lakes
humans & beaver

3. Oxbow Lake

4. Fluvial Morphology determined by geology of the site:
dendritic- deposits of uniform resistance
rectangular- follow faults
trellis- flow between parallel ridges

6. Stream Ordering System
method of numbering streams as part of a drainage basin network; the smallest unbranched tributary is called 1st order, the stream receiving the tributary is 2nd order, and so on.

7. Stream Ordering

9. Stream Type
ephemeral- channels not well defined; flow during and shortly after precipitation events
intermittent- generally flow only during the wet season
perennial- year round

10. spatial scale in lotic ecosystems
World
Continent
Drainage
Watershed
Stream

11. Channel Patterns straight, meandering, & braided
sinuosity- degree of curvature and meandering
pool/riffle sequence; stream energy is lost at the head of the pool causing deposition

12. Braided Stream

15. Sedimentation & Channel Patterns
erosion- chemical and mechanical processes by which stream channels are formed
agrade- increase slope/gradient through deposition.

17. Deposition
process where particles that have been entrained and transported are deposited.

18. factors effecting deposition
stream gradient
flow volume
particle size
impoundments

19. results of deposition
delta- results when flowing water meets standing water
alluvial fan- sediments are deposited on land after eroding from higher elevation
alluvial flood plain-

20. Delta

21. Alluvial Fan

23. Alluvial Floodplain

24. Flow Classification

26. Sediment

27. Particulate Inorganic Matter (PIM)
suspended sediments; primarily silt and clay

28. Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM)
decomposed particulate organics (particles < 0.45 um); carbohydrates, humic acids, tannins, proteins, & alcohols

29. Particulate Organic Matter (POM)
larger sized particles; leaves, woody debris, and dead animals
important habitat & nutrients
Fine Particulate Organic Matter (FPOM)- < 1mm- >0.45um
Coarse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM)- > 1mm