1. Dynamic Traffic Management An overview by Frans Middelham

2. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management2 Problems Congestion Costs are 0.8 M€ per year Accessibility of Main ports Threat to: –Distribution function –Jobs and Economy –Environment –Safety

3. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management3 Policy Goals and Objectives Stronger economy by improving accessibility Enabling traffic & transport growth Reliable and predictable door-to-door accessibility Innovation is a must Rapid elimination of maintenance backlogs Road pricing necessary

4. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management4 Traffic Management as a Control Scheme

5. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management5 Motorway Signalling Ramp Metering Dynamic Route Information Information Measures New Developments

6. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management6 Motorway Signalling Systems since 1981

7. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management7 Motorway Signalling Systems since 1981 For: –lane closures near incidents and road works –queue tail warning and protection –special lane signalling Throughput: –increased with 4-5 % Safety assessment (1983): –increased stability of traffic streams –overall decrease of accidents with 15-25% –decrease of secondary accidents with 40-50 % Safety assessment (1996): –confirmation of earlier results

8. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management8 Motorway Signalling Systems since 1981 Until 1993242,1 km 19946,2 km 199563,1 km 1996116,0 km 1997190,8 km 1998174,4 km 1999167,8 km 200022,9 km 20010,0 km 20022,0 km 200312,0 km 20040,0 km Total997,3 km Planned61,0 km

9. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management9 Ramp Metering since 1989

10. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management10 Ramp Metering since 1989 For: –alleviate motorway congestion –better merging –discouraging of ‘rat running’ Several assessment studies: –Increase of speed on motorways –Major reduction of shockwaves –Capacity increase 0-5% –Substantial reduction of 'rat-runners' –Less accidents presumable but not explicitly monitored

11. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management11 Ramp Metering since 1989 Until 19933 19943 19950 19963 19974 19985 19994 20009 20011 20026 20030 20046 Total44 Planned16

12. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management12 Dynamic Route Information Panels since 1990

13. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management13 Dynamic Route Information Panels since 1990 For: –on route information –major incident information and response Several assessment studies: –In 'normal' conditions, 8-10% of drivers reacts on information –Network performance may increase with 0-5% –Drivers satisfied, more comfort, less stress Different implementations and tests: –Queue length –Traveltime –Graphical

14. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management14 Dynamic Route Information Panels since 1990 Until 19934 19940 19950 19966 199727 199814 19994 20001 200124 20020 20039 200412 Total101 Planned22

15. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management15 Tidal Flow Lane

16. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management16 Rush-hour Lane (hard shoulder)

17. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management17 Plus Lane (small left lane, lower speed)

18. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management18 70 2m2m 2m2m 2m2m 2m2m 2.70 3.00 3.25 3.00 12.20 Cross-section dynamic left lane (peak hour)

19. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management19 Plus Lane (small left lane, lower speed) Safety considerations (not quantified) –Less queues –Less shockwaves –Lower speed in rush hours –Better monitoring –Fast incident response

20. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management20 Truck-, Plus-, Rush-hour and Tidal flow lanes Until 19930 km 199416,4 km 19950,0 km 19965,4 km 19977,0 km 199810,3 km 199913,9 km 20000,0 km 20010,0 km 200211,6 km 20037,0 km 200423,3 km Total94,9 km Planned463,0 km

21. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management21 Incident Management Tow away trucks at incident sensitive locations Good communication between: –Police –Fire brigade –Ambulance service –Rijkswaterstaat –Salvage companies –Assurance companies Video surveillance at incident spots –53 installed until 2005 –99 expected (Tunnels, bridges, special lanes not included herein)

22. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management22 Monitoring since 1995

23. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management23 Traffic Management Centers 1997 Wijde Blik (Noord-Holland) 1998 Geldrop (Zuid Nederland) 2001 Oudenrijn (Utrecht) 2003 Planken Wambuis (Noord Nederland) 2005 Rhoon (Zuid-Holland) –Surveillance of bridges and tunnels –Surveillance of special lanes –Incident Management –Motorway-signalling –Dynamic Route Information –Dynamic Traffic Management

24. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management24 Traffic Management Centers 2001Oudenrijn Utrecht –Countrywide Traffic Management for severe accidents and crossboarder management 2001Oudenrijn Utrecht –Countrywide Traffic Information Centre –Traffic Information over Radio –Contact with Serviceproviders (like ANWB)

25. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management25 Traffic Management Measures Until 2005Planned Motorway Control & Signalling997 km61 km Route Information Panels101 nr22 nr Ramp Metering44 nr16 nr Tidal Flow Lanes12 km10 km Truck Lanes12 km0 km Plus Lanes (small left lanes)20 km173 km Peak Lanes (hard shoulder)75 km290 km No Overtaking Tracks (rush hr)1557 km0 km Incident Detection Camera’s53 nr99 nr Monitoring1862 km608 km Regional TMC5 nr0 nr Countrywide TMC/TIC1 nr0 nr

26. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management26 New Developments and Trials Graphical displays at Testcentre Delft for road users acceptance and comprehensibility surveys

27. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management27 New Developments and Trials Roadsection Speed Control for pollution prevention and better air quality –spots vehicles at two cross sections –measures time travelled over cross section distance and calculates speed –Speeding drivers get a fine automatically

28. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management28 New Developments and Trials Intelligent Speed Adaption (Trial in Tilburg) for reducing speed in urban areas Lane Departure Warning Assistant (Several Trucks Equipped)

29. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management29 New Developments and Trials Dynamic Lane Marking (field tests at A44 running)

30. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management30 Current State: small scale training

31. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management31 Contextmodel Traffic Management System Traffic Control Architecture Architecture of the Technical Infrastructure Application Architecture Information Architecture Institutional Architecture Framework for an ITS Architecture

32. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management32 Contextmodel Traffic Management System Traffic Control Architecture Architecture of the Technical Infrastructure Application Architecture Information Architecture Institutional Architecture Focus on Traffic Control Architecture

33. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management33 Traffic Management Architecture Goals: –Structured vision on the future of Traffic Management –Starting point for all other parts of architecture Preconditions: –Network wide, not limited by borders between jurisdictions –Cooperation between road authorities –Coordination and integration of measures –Stable and practical framework for design and implementation

34. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management34 Traffic Management Architecture Means tactics scenarios Solutions Goals instruments signals policy strategies } } } Layered approach

35. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management35 Traffic Management Architecture Cyclic process WHAT ?HOW ? WITH WHAT ? Political objectives Countrywide control tactics Control strategies Frames of reference Regional control tactics Regional bottle necks Regional services Control Scenarios Regional measures Countrywide set of measures Operational Traffic Management Traffic C onditions assessmentoperations

36. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management36 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 operational traffic management scenarios realization decisions means services bottlenecks current situation frames of reference strategies policies start Goals Description Possible solutions Decision Action Traffic Management Architecture 12 steps

37. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management37 Handbook

38. June 13th, 2006 Dynamic Traffic Management38 Colofon Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Watermanagement Transport Research Centre (AVV) Frans Middelham P.O. box 1031 3000 BA Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel:+31 10 282 5880 Fax:+31 10 282 5644 Email:f.middelham@avv.rws.minvenw.nl Web:www.rws-avv.nl