1. North Africa People and Dances

2. North Africa and Mediterranean

3. El Maghrib (The Islamic West)

4. Ancient History Settlement by Phoenicians from the 10 th century BCE : Carthage (Gades in Spain) Greek presence from 6 th century BCE; intermarriage with local “Libyans” but distinct culture Roman domination from 2 nd century BCE onward Invasion by Visigoths and other late Roman presences in 5 th century BCE Longstanding distinct Jewish presence Islamicized in 7 th century BCE Berber population only nominally Islamic

5. Berbers Ancient origins Not Arabic speakers Culturally distinct from Arab world but must fit in with it Both nomads and farmers

6. Focus on: Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya French influence French colonial domination in 19 th and early 20 th centuries Sahara desert and desert nomads: Tuareg and Berber Kabyle peoples – from the mountains

7. Morocco’s Atlas Mountains

8. Sahara Desert

9. Morocco’s Coast

10. Urban produce markets

11. Orientalizing... or not...

12. Presentation of women as exotic others in Western travel images Malik Alloula, The Colonial Harem

14. Many images showed women minus key elements of their clothing, and had a frankly sexual quality Eastern women as “owned” by the Western, male gaze

15. La Danse du Ventre

16. Ouled Nail Dancers

19. Tribal site Depiction of Ouled Nail in Art

21. Etienne Dinet

23. More Dinet