1. Part I Standard 7

2.  Long Term Causes Militarism - Building strong modern armies  Nations hope large armies with modern weapons will prevent attacks Alliances: a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.  If someone messes with me you got my back right? Imperialism - Extending one’s influence into other territories  Nations compete over territory & resources Nationalism - Deep sense of national identity & pride  Rivalries develop over territory, resources, and perceived insults

3.  Alliance System Agreements bind countries together in case of war  Triple Alliance (1882)- Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungary  Triple Entente (1904)- Great Britain, France, Russia

4.  Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Archduke of Austria-Hungary & wife were shot and killed on June 28, 1914 during a visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.  Black Hand Terrorist group hoped to bring attention to their nationalist cause  Shooter- Gavrilo Princip

5.  The Blank Check - Germany offered unconditional support of Austria-Hungary’s response to the assassination  Austria-Hungary made harsh demands on Serbia (allow AH soldiers to investigate, stop anti-Austrian press, etc.)  July 28, 1914 - AH declared war when Serbia refused demands

6.  War declaration kicks the Alliance System into motion: Germany joins Austria in war on Serbia Russia mobilizes troops to protect Serbia Germany institutes the Schlieffen Plan to avoid a 2 front war

7.  holding off Russia with minimal strength and swiftly defeating France by a massive flanking movement through the Low Countries  Russia & France were allies Germany must attack France & Russia to avoid 2 front war  WESTERN AND EASTERN FRONTS  France was more modern so should be defeated first, then Russia could be dealt with  German invasion through Belgium during attack on France brought Britain into WWI

8.  Schlieffen Plan failed when stiff French resistance slowed German attack One of the early battles of WWI Causes the Germans to re-treat from France Marks the beginning of Trench Warfare

9.  Trench Warfare - fighting from deep, long interconnected ditches Central area (“No Man’s Land”) guarded by machine gun nests, land mines Trenches protected by earthen walls, barbed wire Charges required aerial bombardment & artillery, followed by open charge, and hand-to-hand combat

10.  Trench Warfare was slow and deadly Millions died fighting over a few miles of territory on the French-German border Territory shifted hands often in course of war

12.  No trenches, but slow & deadly  Russia’s lack of industrialization left soldiers without supplies, rifles Russian troops suffered heavy casualties (Over 2 Million in the 1 st 2 years of fighting) German victory at Tannenberg nearly pushed Russia out of the war

13.  Central Powers - Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire  Allies - Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia Later the United States