1. AR Time until 10:29 1

2. Student Planner February 24, 2015 Place this in the proper place Prepare for this week ending the triad You need planner, notes, pen/pencil (per 2 AR book)

3. 2 End Planner Entries

4. REVIEW OF LAST CLASS February 23rd

5. Summary: We had a standard opening. We reviewed the super hero illustration, getting the trait- characteristic paper to add on it. New vocabulary words and some notes on pH

6. Answer the last class’s EQ which was: Essential Question: Describe how pH is determined.

7. Topic/Objective: Name: Acids and Bases Class/Period: Date: Feb 24, 2015 Essential Question: what would a neutral substance show a pH of?

8. Warm Up

9. 1. Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide? A) I and O B) Ir and O C) Fe and O D) Pb and O

10. 2. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common? A) They are noble (inert) gases. B) They are nonmetals. C) They have the same thermal conductivity. D) They have the same number of protons.

11. 3. Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely: A) different from copper or oxygen. B) similar to both copper and oxygen. C) similar only to copper. D) similar only to oxygen.

12. 4. A diagram of the periodic table of the elements is shown below. In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 1 2 3 4

13. 13 Answers

14. 1. Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide? A) I and O B) Ir and O C) Fe and O D) Pb and O

15. 1. Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide? A) I and O B) Ir and O C) Fe and O D) Pb and O

16. 2. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common? A) They are noble (inert) gases. B) They are nonmetals. C) They have the same thermal conductivity. D) They have the same number of protons.

17. 2. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common? A) They are noble (inert) gases. B) They are nonmetals. C) They have the same thermal conductivity. D) They have the same number of protons.

18. 3. Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely: A) different from copper or oxygen. B) similar to both copper and oxygen. C) similar only to copper. D) similar only to oxygen.

19. 3. Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely: A) different from copper or oxygen. B) similar to both copper and oxygen. C) similar only to copper. D) similar only to oxygen.

20. 4. A diagram of the periodic table of the elements is shown below. In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 1 2 3 4

21. 4. A diagram of the periodic table of the elements is shown below. In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 1 2 3 4

22. Today’s Homework 1.Tests this week – Thursday unit test; Friday Post Triad 4 test, Vocabulary test. Study

23. Today Notes - Acid Base Acids & Base Lab

26. Smart Chart titles Box 1 – Atoms - drawing, label, explain electron levels, cloud, isotopes, ions Box 2 – Periodic Table – key to reading the element box, define period & group Box 3 – Elements - list categories, essential elements (symbol, name) Box 4 – Electron bonds – drawings of the bonds, definitions, explain chemical bonding

27. Acid or Alkali and the relationship Of pH

28. Vocabulary Terms: 1.Acid - a material that has a pH of 1 to 6.9 2.Base - a material that has a pH of 7.1 to 14. 3.Alkaline – an adjective that describes a material meaning the material has a pH greater than 7. 4.Alkali – a base.

29. Terms: 5. Ion - a molecule or atom that has an electric charge and is reactive. H + OH - are the ions involved in pH. 6. Acidic - an adjective that describes a material meaning the material has a pH LESS than 7

30. 7. Neutral – a pH = 7 8. pH- potential of hydrogen ions in a solution. (you can think of this as a percentage) Pure water has a pH of 7

31. Video Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts

32. A pH is expressed as a number from 1 to 14 (there is a rare scientific exception with pH range -1 to 15. 99.99% of the time, the scale is referred as 1 to 14, and that is the reference in school)

33. A pH of 1 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.1% 0.1= x10 -1 = pH 1

34. A pH of 2 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.01%.1 = pH 1.01 = x10 -2 pH 2

35. A pH of 3 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.001%.1 = pH 1.01 = pH 2.001 = pH 3

36. A pH of 4 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.0001%.1 = pH 1.01 = pH 2.001 = pH 3.0001 = pH 4

37. A pH of 5 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.00001%.1 = x10 -1 pH 1.01 = x10 -2 = pH 2.001 = x10 -3 = pH 3.0001 = x10 -4 = pH 4.00001 = x10 -5 = pH 5.0.0.0.0.0 1 2 3 4 5

38. A pH of 7 has a % of H ions in solution of 1 x10 - 7 or.0000001%

39. A pH of 14 has H ions in a solution with a concentration of.00000000000001% 1x10 -14

40. Alkali compounds have more OH ions than H ions in solution.

41. The more OH ions, the fewer the H ions. Thus the pH increases. H ions lessen As H+ decreases, pH rises, & OH- increases As H+ increases, OH- decreases pH decreases and OH- H+

42. Acids and Bases Standard 5a Reactions Property of Acids 1. tastes sour 2. turns blue litmus paper to red 3. corrosive-wears away metal 4. Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water HCl  H + + Cl -

43. Standard 5a Reactions Property of Bases 1. Tastes bitter & feels slippery 2. turns red litmus paper to blue 3. Base produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water NaOH  Na + + OH -

44. Standard 5a Reactions Strengths of Acids and Bases 1. pH scale- determines if it is an acid (0-6) or a base (8-14) 0 14 Strong acid Neutral Strong base 2. pH= 5 would be an _____ 3. pH =9 would be a _____

45. Acids and Bases Standard 5a Reactions Thursday March 17 67 Neutralization (~pH 7) 1. In neutralization, an acid reacts with a base to always produce salt and water HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O Acid Base Salt Water

46. Video Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts Elements of Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts

47. Importance of pH in Biology pH is important in regulating the nature and rate of chemical reactions necessary to support life.

48. In endothermic organisms (regulate body temperature with metabolic heat: like humans), pH is maintained within a very narrow range.

49. In ectothermic organisms ("cold- blooded") that use behavioral means of regulating body temperature) pH varies inversely with body temperature.

50. Some examples: pH ultimately controls the rate at which you breathe; pH determines the dissociation of oxygen and carbon dioxide from hemoglobin (relative to breathing and metabolic process)

51. pH determines the dissociation of chemicals and helps regulate chemical reactions in the body, especially buffer systems and enzymes.

52. pH determines the balance of reactions which occur in aquatic systems relative to things like carbon dioxide, bicarbonates; sulfur.

53. pH induced problems in livestock Acidosis : change in pH from normal range to acid. Causes: ingestion of acidic feeds; formation of lactic acids; lung problems; suffocation. Symptoms: seizures, confusion, severe muscle pain, nausea, loss of consciousness, coma, death

54. Alkalosis: change in pH from normal range to alkali. Causes: hyperventilation, prolonged vomiting, severe dehydration, and eating/drinking alkali plants, liquids or other materials. Symptoms: muscle weakness, severe cramps, tetany, death.

55. pH induced problems in plants 1.Nutrient shortages. 2. Increase in toxic minerals able to be absorbed by plant. 3. Preferences by plants to specific pH ranges (azaleas love pH 5.5-6) ) 4. pH affects pesticide and fertilizer applications, tying up or releasing same

56. An Azalea

57. pH is involved in inorganic chemistry Reactions between metals (batteries) to form electricity Swimming pool maintenance – incorrect pH increases algae growth, calcium deposits on pool tile.

58. Measuring pH 1. Indicators - change color based on pH reaction. 2. Electric meter - meter reads based on electrical conductivity

60. pH Measurement Laboratory