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Chapter 2 Sections 3, 4, 5
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Colonies (States)= sovereign Coined money Raised armies and navies Raised tariffs Most claimed land beyond their “colonial” borders Confederation Congress= central government Declare war Make treaties Manage Indian affairs Maintain the army and navy Regulate weights and measures Establish postal services What is missing? Power to tax Power to regulate trade
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Foreign Problems: France was demanding repayment of war debts. Spain closed the Mississippi River. Britain still attempting to regulate trade; maintain posts in the West; encourage Native Americans.
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Economic Problems: Congress had no power to regulate interstate commerce. National credit was worsening. Could not repay French War debts. Interest was piling up.
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Interstate Quarrels: Boundary disputes over western lands. States taxed each others’ interstate commerce. States were issuing worthless money for payments in debts.
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5 states show Pledge to meet in one year Sought Congress’s approval Purpose: To revise the Articles of Confederation
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Philadelphia – May 25th, 1787 Sole purpose was revising the Articles of Confederation. 55 delegates from 12 states (except Rhode Island) Sessions were surrounded by secrecy Locked doors Guards in the halls Windows closed-hot summer Letters censored as well as Ben Franklin Most delegates were wealthy property owners and many were lawyers Most had experience- (i.e. state constitutions or Articles) 42 was the average age
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George Washington- President of Convention Secretary of Convention- William Jackson Ben Franklin- oldest delegate- 82 yrs old James Madison- “Father of the Constitution” Wasn’t absent a single day for four months shorthand/recopied notes at night into long hand agreed not to release the notes until all delegates were dead last one to die- James Madison in 1840, 53 years after the convention “assembly of demi-god” “convention of the well-bred, the well-fed, the well-read and well wed.”
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1. The Virginia Plan 2. The New Jersey Plan 3. The Connecticut Compromise 4. The Three-Fifths Compromise 5. The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
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Ratify- Approve 9 states needed to ratify the constitution for it to become law…it was close in many of the states, but the FEDERALISTS beat out the ANTIFEDERALISTS and won ratification.
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Anti-federalists -- states' rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, and the ill-educated- “common man”. Federalists -- Well educated and propertied class. Most lived in settled areas along the seaboard.
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National government needed to be strong in order to function. Strong national government needed to control uncooperative states. Men of experience and talent should govern the nation. National government would protect the rights of the people. Constitution and state governments protected individual freedoms without bill of rights. More sympathetic to separation of church and state.
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The Articles of Confederation were a good plan. Opposed a strong central government. Strong national government threatened state power. Strong national government threatened rights of the common people. Constitution favored wealthy men and preserved their power. Constitution lacked a bill of rights. Opposed omitting any reference to God.
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Using pages 51-53 in your textbook, define the following compromises on a sheet of paper… 1. The Virginia Plan 2. The New Jersey Plan 3. The Connecticut Compromise 4. The Three-Fifths Compromise 5. The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
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