1. Chapter 2 Sections 3, 4, 5

2.  Colonies (States)= sovereign  Coined money  Raised armies and navies  Raised tariffs  Most claimed land beyond their “colonial” borders  Confederation Congress= central government  Declare war  Make treaties  Manage Indian affairs  Maintain the army and navy  Regulate weights and measures  Establish postal services  What is missing?  Power to tax  Power to regulate trade

4.  Foreign Problems:  France was demanding repayment of war debts.  Spain closed the Mississippi River.  Britain still attempting to regulate trade; maintain posts in the West; encourage Native Americans.

5.  Economic Problems:  Congress had no power to regulate interstate commerce.  National credit was worsening.  Could not repay French War debts.  Interest was piling up.

6.  Interstate Quarrels:  Boundary disputes over western lands.  States taxed each others’ interstate commerce.  States were issuing worthless money for payments in debts.

7.  5 states show  Pledge to meet in one year  Sought Congress’s approval  Purpose: To revise the Articles of Confederation

8.  Philadelphia – May 25th, 1787  Sole purpose was revising the Articles of Confederation.  55 delegates from 12 states  (except Rhode Island)  Sessions were surrounded by secrecy  Locked doors  Guards in the halls  Windows closed-hot summer  Letters censored as well as Ben Franklin  Most delegates were wealthy property owners and many were lawyers  Most had experience- (i.e. state constitutions or Articles)  42 was the average age

9.  George Washington- President of Convention  Secretary of Convention- William Jackson  Ben Franklin- oldest delegate- 82 yrs old  James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”  Wasn’t absent a single day for four months  shorthand/recopied notes at night into long hand  agreed not to release the notes until all delegates were dead  last one to die- James Madison in 1840, 53 years after the convention  “assembly of demi-god”  “convention of the well-bred, the well-fed, the well-read and well wed.”

11. 1. The Virginia Plan 2. The New Jersey Plan 3. The Connecticut Compromise 4. The Three-Fifths Compromise 5. The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

12.  Ratify- Approve  9 states needed to ratify the constitution for it to become law…it was close in many of the states, but the FEDERALISTS beat out the ANTIFEDERALISTS and won ratification.

13.  Anti-federalists -- states' rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, and the ill-educated- “common man”.  Federalists -- Well educated and propertied class. Most lived in settled areas along the seaboard.

14.  National government needed to be strong in order to function.  Strong national government needed to control uncooperative states.  Men of experience and talent should govern the nation.  National government would protect the rights of the people.  Constitution and state governments protected individual freedoms without bill of rights.  More sympathetic to separation of church and state.

15.  The Articles of Confederation were a good plan.  Opposed a strong central government.  Strong national government threatened state power.  Strong national government threatened rights of the common people.  Constitution favored wealthy men and preserved their power.  Constitution lacked a bill of rights.  Opposed omitting any reference to God.

17. Using pages 51-53 in your textbook, define the following compromises on a sheet of paper… 1. The Virginia Plan 2. The New Jersey Plan 3. The Connecticut Compromise 4. The Three-Fifths Compromise 5. The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise