1. A & P Lab 2 Indian River State College

2. Polycythemia Anemia

3. Hematocrit or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) o RBC  Hematocrit %  NIH Values  Male 40.1 - 51.0  Female 34.1 - 44.9  Book Values (lab book)  Male 47.0 ± 7  Female 42.0 ± 5

4. Low Values o blood loss o cancers o kidney and liver diseases o malnutrition o vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies o iron deficiency o pregnancy o systemic lupus erythematosus o rheumatoid arthritis o peptic ulcer disease High Values o severe burns o diarrhea o shock o Addison's disease o dehydration

5. NIH Values o Male 13.7 - 17.5 g/dl o Female 11.2 - 15.7 g/dl Book Values o Male 13 – 18 g/dl o Female 12 – 16 g/dl

6. High Values o Anabolic steroids o Congenital heart disease o COPD o Dehydration o Emphysema o EPO o Heart failure o Kidney cancer o Living at high altitude o Other types of heart disease o Other types of lung disease o Polycythemia vera o Pulmonary fibrosis o Smoking Low Values o Vitamin and iron deficiencies o Acute or chronic bleeding o Hormone deficiencies, such as thyroid hormone or testosterone o Chronic diseases, such as kidney failure, cancer and Crohn's disease o Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus o Side effect of certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs

8. Type O blood is known as the universal donor. At the same time because it has both A and B antibodies, individuals with Type O blood can only receive blood from other Type O donors. Type A blood can be donated to individuals with Type A and Type AB blood. This is because Type A blood will not trigger an antibody reaction in either of these types. Type A can receive blood from Type A or Type O. Type B blood can be donated to individuals with Type B and Type AB blood. This is because Type B blood will not trigger an antibody reaction in individuals these individuals. Type B individuals can receive blood form Type B and Type O. Type AB blood can be donated to individuals with Type AB blood only. Due to the dual antigen coat of Type AB blood, it causes an antibody response in all other blood types. Type AB blood on the other hand is known as the “universal acceptor” because individuals with this blood type have no antibodies that react to the presence of either the A or B blood antigen coat.

9. http://cclnprod.cc.nih.gov/dlm/testguide.nsf/Index ?OpenFormhttp://cclnprod.cc.nih.gov/dlm/testguide.nsf/Index ?OpenForm http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/blood- coagulation.htmlhttp://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/blood- coagulation.html http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/home.htm lhttp://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/home.htm l