1. 11.2 Blood: A Fluid Tissue Pages 482-486

2. Function of Blood Delivers oxygen to cells Delivers nutrients to cells Collects wastes away from cells

3. Components Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma

4. 90% water Dissolved O 2, CO 2, glucose, vitamins and minerals, wastes Proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen. Dissolve ions Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Cl -, and HCO 3 -

5. Albumins Control water levels in the blood

6. Globulins Transport lipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K), some minerals Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

7. Fibrinogen Role in blood clotting

8. Serum Plasma with fibrinogen and clotting factors

9. Erythrocytes Red blood cells Biconcave disks 135 RBC’s per mm Formed from stem cells in bone marrow No nucleus in mature cells Lifespan 120 days Liver and spleen break RBC’s down

10. Leukocytes White blood cells nucleus Granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) kill bacteria Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes) engulf bacteria Pus

11. Granules

12. Platelets Protection Produced in the bone marrow Blood clotting Platelets and fibrinogen form clot

13. Blood Count Hemocytometer Anemia (low RBC coun t)

14. Plasma Plasma 55-58% Water 91-92% Plasma proteins 7-8% Dissolved things 1-2%

15. Cells Platelets 250000-300000 per microlitre Leukocytes Neutrophils 3000-6750 Lymphocytes 1000-2700 Monocytes/macrophages 150-720 Eosinophils 100-360 Basophils 25-90 Erythrocytes 4 800 000-5 400 000

16. Blood Types Markers A and B Type A…marker A Type B…marker B Type AB…marker A & B Type O…no marker

17. Immune response Transfusions of blood with a different marker causes an immune response

18. Rhesus Factor 85% are Rh-positive

19. Artificial Blood HBOC hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers PFCEperfluorocarbon emulsions