1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Southeast Asian Cultures

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Describe the geography of Southeast Asia. Understand the impact of India on the history of Southeast Asia. Summarize the characteristics of the new kingdoms and empires in Southeast Asia. Explain the emergence of Vietnam. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People matrilineal – familial inheritance through the mother stupa – a dome-shaped Buddhist shrine paddy – a field for growing rice

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The region known as Southeast Asia, located between China and India, was strongly influenced by its neighbors. Southeast Asia also retained its own unique identity. For example, the great temple complex at Angkor Wat, built by the Khmer empire, revealed the glory of its culture. How was Southeast Asia affected by the cultures of both China and India?

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Southeast Asia is made up of two regions—the mainland and the islands. Mountains separate the mainland from most of Asia. The four main river valleys were home to early civilizations.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Island Southeast Asia was at the crossroads of trade for centuries. Sea traders traveling between China and India passed through the Malacca or Sunda straits. Monsoons shaped trade patterns. Ships traveled northeast in summer and southwest in winter. A trade network linked China, Southeast Asia, and India to the Middle East and East Africa. The chief exports of the islands were spices.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The people of Southeast Asia developed their own unique cultures long ago. In Thailand, archaeologists have found jars and bronze bracelets at least 5,000 years old. Many of the ancient societies were built around the nuclear family. Women had greater equality in Southeast Asia than in other parts of Asia. They could become traders and even rulers. Matrilineal descent was an accepted custom in Southeast Asia.

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Traders and monks from India came to the region first, bringing Hinduism and Buddhism. In turn, people from Southeast Asia visited India. Later, Indians brought Islam to Southeast Asia. Indian culture spread to Southeast Asia, reaching its peak of influence between 500 and 1000.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The kingdom of Pagan arose in 1044 in present-day Myanmar. King Anawrahta united the region and brought Buddhism to the Burman people. He had beautiful Buddhist stupas built all over his capital city. Pagan lasted over 200 years and the fell to the Mongols in 1287.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Khmer empire reached its peak in the region between 800 and 1350. Khmer rulers were Hindus and adapted Indian learning, while most ordinary people were Buddhists. At its height, it controlled much of present-day Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In the 1100s, the Khmer king built the magnificent temple at Angkor Wat.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Srivijaya empire flourished in Indonesia from the 600s to the 1200s. It controlled the key trade route through the Strait of Malacca. Although both Buddhism and Hinduism reached the Srivijaya empire, the local people blended Indian beliefs with their own. Later, Islam spread to the islands, strengthening links with other Muslim trading centers around the Indian Ocean.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In Vietnam, the major influence was not India, but China. Vietnam emerged in the Red River delta, where fertile rice paddies fed the population. Han armies invaded in 111 B.C. Vietnam remained under Chinese control for over 1,000 years. The Vietnamese maintained a sense of their own identity. In A.D. 39, the Trung sisters led an unsuccessful revolt against China. Vietnam finally freed itself in 939, but remained a tributary state of China.