1. World War 1 and its Aftermath Mr. Young U.S. History
Chapter 14
World War 1 and its Aftermath
Mr. Young
U.S. History

2. Section 1
The United States Enters World War 1

3. Mexican Revolutions and USA
From , Mexico went through several revolutions
Pancho Villa- commander of guerilla soldiers who raided into America in hopes of Wilson overthrowing the new Mexican government

4. General John J. Pershing
Sent by President Wilson to find and capture Pancho Villa
Becomes commander of the American forces during World War 1
Nicknamed “Black Jack”

5. The Great War begins Europe begins to divide into two camps:
Triple Entente/Allied Powers
Britain
France
Russia (exits 1918)
Italy (changes in 1915)
U.S. (1917)
Triple Alliance/Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria

6. Serbs, Bosnians, Croats and Slovenes had similar languages and cultures. They called themselves Yugoslavs.
Serbs were the first to gain independence – formed Serbia.
Balkans- Southeastern Europe that was responsible for WW1

7. July 28th, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
June 1914 –
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne); killed by Serbian National assassin while in Bosnia; basically started WW1
July 28th, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

8. Sinking of the Lusitania
May 7, 1915-British passenger ship Lusitania was sunk by a German u boat killing 128 Americans
1st step of Americans entered the war

9. Sussex Pledge
After sinking the French ship Sussex, Germans promised not to sink any more merchant ships without warning, hoping to keep America out of the war

10. Wilson’s Campaign Slogan
“He kept us out of the war”

11. Zimmermann Telegraph
German official Arthur Zimmermann sent a message to Mexico asking them to ally with Germany and keep America occupied in exchange for land after the war
Last straw for American Neutrality

12. America Enters the War
After the sinking of American merchant ships, President Wilson finally decides enough is enough
America declares on Germany on April 6, 1917 and will join the Allied Powers

13. Section 2
The Home Front

14. Selective Services Act of 1917
All men between 21 and 30 register for draft
Lottery randomly determined the order
Local draft boards, not military
2.8 million men drafted

15. Volunteering for Draft
Heard stories and wanted to fight back
Democracy was at stake
Duty to respond to nation’s call
Great adventure and fight for country

16. Army Nursing Corps
First war in which women officially served in armed forces
Army nurses were only women sent overseas
20,000 nurses served during WW1

17. Federal Mobilization Agencies
(#21) War Industries Board and Bernard Baruch-organized industry to increase efficiency by coordinating production of war materials; leader of WIB
(#25) National War Labor Board- maintained cooperation between industry management and labor union to prevent strikes
(#28)Committee on Public Information (George Creel)-provided propaganda to rally citizen support for all aspects of the war effort

18. Food and Fuel Administration
Victory gardens-Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, and Porkless Thursdays
Daylight savings time- created to conserve energy

19. Paying for the War
Liberty and Victory Bonds- Loans from American people to Government, and the government would repay with interest in a set number of years
Over $20 billion borrowed

20. The Great Migration
Mostly African Americans (and some Mexicans) headed North to big cities to work in war time factories
Barrios-separate neighbors created by Mexican Americans in big cities

21. Espionage Act of 1917 Sedition Act of 1918
Severally hurt free speech and limited civil liberties during wartime in America
Made illegal any public expression of opposition to the war

22. Mistreatment of Central Powers
Began to persecute, mistreat, and even physically abuse
Changed names of foods such as sauerkraut to Liberty Cabbage

23. Schenck vs United States (1919)
Individual’s freedom of speech could be curbed when the words uttered constitute a “clear and present danger.”

24. Section 3
A Bloody Conflict

25. Trench warfare
demonstrated that troops who dug in and relied on modern rifles and machine guns could hold off an enemy for months.
On the Western Front, trenches stretched from the English Channel to the Swiss border.
The land between opposing trenches was called “no man’s land”.
The only way to win a trench war was to run across and drop grenades into other trenches after heavy artillery fire. This resulted in heavy losses and slow progress.

26. Over There
1917 – the U.S. enters the war after nearly 3 years of attempting to affect the outcome without becoming embroiled in it.
Nearly 2 million “doughboys”(nickname for largely inexperienced, but fresh American soldiers
U.S. troops helped to boost the morale of the Allies, and turn the tide of the war

27. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- March 1918, Russia signs treaty with Germany and leaves the war after their Communist Revolution in 1917; ends two-front war

28. Meuse-Argonne Offensive
The largest military engagement in U. S. history; lasted a total of 47 days.
Principal engagement of the American Expeditionary Forces during WWI.
Involving 1.2 million American soldiers, of whom 117,000 were killed or wounded
Began September 26, 1918
One of a series of Allied attacks known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which brought the war to an end.

29. The Peace Conference
The “Big Four” (leaders of the victorious allied nations) met in Paris in 1919 for a peace conference (Germany and Russia were not included)
“Fourteen Points,” Wilson’s plan for peace after WW1, principle of justice to all people
League of Nations 14th point which called for an association of nations organized to help keep peace and prevent future wars
Many of Wilson’s proposals were discarded as too lenient by other Allied nations

30. Treaty of Versailles (June 1919
The final treaty required Germany to acknowledge guilt for the war, pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies, and be stripped of its armed forces
Never ratified by America, therefore America never joins League of Nations
Four empires were dissolved
Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, German Empire, Austria-Hungary Empire
Nine new countries were created
The U.S. Senate, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty. Wilson suffered a stroke after travelling 8,000 miles in 3 weeks trying to gain the public’s support.
The U.S. negotiated separate peace treaties with each of the Central Powers

31. Section 4
The War’s Impact

32. Impact at Home
Rapid inflation increases cost of living and leads to wave of labor strikes
Racial Unrest
“Red Scare and A. Palmer Raids”- Fear of a spread of Communism (“Reds”) by immigrants leads to nationwide panic, raids, and calls for limiting immigration; Raids by government to help find Communists in America
General Intelligence Division- department responsible for Palmer Raids; becomes FBI
Warren Harding’s Slogan- desire for “return to normalcy” – end of Progressivism by a return to simpler days