1. Introduction
Change is one of the most critical aspects of effective management.
Change is the coping process of moving from the present state to a desired state that individuals, groups and organizations undertake in response to dynamic internal and external factors that alter current realities.
All organizations exist in a changing environment and are themselves constantly changing.

2. Forces of Change External Forces of Change Political Forces
Economics Forces
Technological Forces
Increased global competition
Changing Customer Needs and Preferences
Cont….

3. Internal Forces of Change
System Dynamics
Inadequacy of administrative process
Individual/Group Speculations
Structure Focused Change
Technological Changes
Persons focused change
Profitability Issues
Resource constraints

4. Managing Planned Change
Change Making things different.
Goals of Planned Change:
Improving the ability of the organization to adapt to changes in its environment.
Changing the behavior of individuals and groups in the organization.
Planned Change Activities that are intentional and goal oriented.
Change Agents Persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing change activities.

5. Organisational Change: Some Determining Factors
The large variety of determinants of organisational change – forces dictating change – can be organized into 4 major categories. These categories are created by combining two key distinctions:
(1) whether the organisational change is planned or unplanned by the organisation, and
2) whether it derives from factors internal or external to the organisation.
Cont….

6. Some Determining Factors of Change
Planned
Unplanned
Internal
Internal planned change
Internal unplanned change
External
External planned change
External unplanned change

7. Variations of organizational change
Is the change based on internal or external factors
Is the change planned or Unplanned change
Planned
Unplanned
Internal change
Changes in products or service
Changes in administrative systems
Change in organization size or structure (e.g. downsizing, outsourcing etc.)
Changing employee demographics
Performance gaps
External changes
Introduction and new technology
Advances in information processing and communication.
Government regulation
External competition
HR Management in Recession

8. Methods to handle recession Restructuring of Business
Manage Poor Performers
Focus on Training and Development
Nurturance of talents
Manage Employee Motivation
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9. Types of Change Reactive Chang Planned Change Operational change
Strategic change
transformational change
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