1. Presented by Chris Wong

2.  “Change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on the surroundings.”

3.  Entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will increase over time to approach a maximum value at equilibrium  Differences in temperature, pressure, and chemical potential even out in a physical system that is isolated from the outside world.

4.  movement that goes on forever  any device or system that perpetually (indefinitely) produces more energy than it consumes, resulting in a net output of energy for indefinite time

5. Developed by Johann Bessler (1680 – 1745) The Orffyreus Wheel

6. The Other Orffyreus Wheel

7.  “With the exception of cases involving perpetual motion, a model is not ordinarily required by the Office to demonstrate the operability of a device. If operability of a device is questioned, the applicant must establish it to the satisfaction of the examiner, but he or she may choose his or her own way of so doing. ”  “A rejection [of a patent application] on the ground of lack of utility includes the more specific grounds of inoperativeness, involving perpetual motion.”

8.  Trying to test the laws of physics  Ideas: ◦ Gravity  Overbalanced wheel ◦ Magnets  Electromagnet levitation to eliminate friction

9. The Overbalanced WheelThe Float Belt