Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
What is an Animal? Multicellular heterotrophs Ingest their food
Lack cell walls Most reproduce sexually, with swimming sperm and non-motile egg Some have sexually immature larval stage The following are the phyla of the animal kingdom …
2
Tissues Symmetry Coelom Protostome / Deuterostome
3
Porifera (pore bearers)
No True tissues Either no symmetry or radial symmetry Suspension feeders Most are hermaphroditic
8
Cnidaria Radial symmetry All have cnidocytes Diploblastic
Gastrovascular cavity (no anus) Carniverous Body plan: Polyp Medusa Simple muscle system Simple nerve net nervous system, no brain
9
Cnidarian Classes: Hydrozoa Scyphozoa: Cubozoa Anthozoa:
Alternate polyp and medusa in life cycle Examples: colonial hydroids, Portuguese Man of War fire coral Scyphozoa: Prominent medusa Examples jellyfish Cubozoa Anthozoa: Polyps are dominant; there are is no medusa stage Corals and sea anemones
10
Class Hydrozoa Colonial hydroid colonies Typical colony
Portugese man-of-war Typical colony
11
Class Hydrozoa Fire coral; millipora sp.
12
Class Scyphozoa Cassiopeia sp. (Upside down jellyfish)
13
Class Scyphozoa Aurelia aurita
14
Class Cubozoa: Sea Wasp
15
Anthozoa (corals)
16
Indonesian coral
17
Anthozoa (corals) Diploria labyrinthiformis Montastrea annularis
Montastrea cavernosa ga/cozumeldiving/MMT.html
18
Gorgonian (fan) coral
19
Anthozoa (Anemones) Stoichactis helianthus
20
Anthozoa (Anemones) Condylactis gigantea
gallery2.htm
21
Phylum Ctenophora Comb jellies Only 100 species
Have pair of long retractable tentacles They are not toxic and the ones we will see are very small. Often confused with medusae. “Combs” are 8 rows of ciliated plates which refract light and make them irridescent.
23
Platyhelminthes (flat worms)
Bilateral symmetry Cephalization Triploblastic, so has muscular system Organs
24
Four classes: Turbellaria, the free-living flatworms sometimes found in Jamaica. Monogenea, Trematoda and Cestoda are all parasitic. We will not be collecting trematodes or cestodes in the waters of Jamaica
26
Protostome Phyla:
27
Mollusca Bilateral symmetry Open circulatory system
Soft bodied, with hard shell protection No segmentation Radula; rasping tongue to scrape food True coelom Many internal organs Three body parts Foot Visceral mass Mantle
29
Four classes Polyplacophora Gastropods Chitons Cling to rocks
Live on rocky shores Use muscular foot to grip Gastropods Snails, slugs, nudibranchs Largest class Shell protects body Torsion leads to twisted body Uses radula to scrape algae and graze on plants
30
Bivalves: Cephalopods Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
Possess shell divided and hinged into two halves Filter feeders Sedentary lifestyle Cephalopods Squid and octopus and nautilus Use jaws to bite prey Mouth as base of foot (foot drawn into several tentacles) Complex brains and capable of learning and moving fast Mantle reduced or absent
31
Polyplacophora (the chitons)
Chiton marmoratus Acanthopleura granulata Chiton tuberculatus
32
Gastropods
33
Bivalves Codakia orbicularis
codakia_orbicularis.htm
34
Cephalopods
35
Cephalopods
36
Annelids SEGMENTATION! Closed circulatory system
Gas exchange across skin
37
Evolutionary trends in Annelids
Coelom serves as hydrostatic skeleton Developed complex organ system Protects internal structures Segmentation Specialization of body segments
38
Three classes: Polychaetes:(mostly marine) Oligocheates
Bristle worms Fanworms Tube dwellers Oligocheates Earthworms (not important in this course) Hirudinea: (we won’t see these either) Leaches Used to treat bruised tissues and to stimulate circulation
39
Polychaetes
40
Arthropods Key characteristics: Jointed appendages Segmentation
Hard exoskeletons Extensive cephalization Open circulatory system Gas exchange gills in water, book lungs or spiracles on land
41
Subphyla Subphylum Chelicerata (includes Arachnids, the spiders, but not our problem) Subphylum Uniramia (includes the Insects. Use your insect repellant to avoid) Subphylum Crustacea (these you will seek, find and identify) Crabs, lobsters, hermit crabs
42
Crustaceans
43
Deuterostome Phyla:
44
Echinoderms Secondarily evolved radial symmetry
Unique water vascular system Has mouth and anus Has endoskeleton
45
Classes Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Holothuroidea Crinoidea
Sea stars Ophiuroidea Brittle stars Echinoidea Sea urchins and sand dollars Holothuroidea Sea cucumbers Crinoidea Sea lillies feather stars
46
Asteroidea Oreaster reticulatus
47
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Ophiocoma echinata Ophioderma appressum
48
Echinoidea Tripneustes ventricosus Clypeaster rosaceus
Tripneustes ventricosus Clypeaster rosaceus Eucidaris tribuloides
49
Holothuroidea Holothuria mexicana
50
Crinoidea: feather stars
51
Phylum Chordata Invertebrate chordates we will see:
Subphylum Urochordata: Tunicates, or sea squirts Vertebrate chordates: Subphylum Vertebrata Fish
57
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Annelida Class polychaeta
58
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa
59
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Mollusca Class bivalvia
60
subphylum does this organism belong?
To what phylum and subphylum does this organism belong? Phylum Chordata Subphylum vertebrata
61
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Echinodermata Class Asteroidea
62
To what phylum and subphylum does this organism belong?
Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea
63
subphylum do these organisms belong?
To what phylum and subphylum do these organisms belong? Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata
64
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda
65
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa
66
To what phylum and class do these organisms belong?
Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa
67
To what phylum does this organism belong?
Phylum Porifera
68
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Echinodermata Class Echinoidea
69
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Cyphoma gibbosum Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda
70
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Mollusca Class Polyplacophora
71
To what phylum and class do these organisms belong?
Phylum Echinodermata Class Holothuroidea
72
What evolutionary innovation both led to and limited the success of the phylum to which this organism belongs? . . . the exoskeleton
73
What type of symmetry does this organism exhibit?
. . . none
74
. . . bilateral symmetry and celphalization
What two evolutionary innovations are common to the phylum to which this organism belongs? . . . bilateral symmetry and celphalization
75
What type of symmetry does this organism, and others belonging to the same phylum, exhibit?
. . . radial symmetry
76
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Echinodermata Class Ophiuroidea
77
To what phylum and class do these organisms belong?
Tridachia crispata Cittarium pica Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda
78
To what phylum and class do these organisms belong?
Phylum Cnidaria Class Scyphozoa
79
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda
80
The end
82
Soft coral polyps
87
To what phylum and class do these organisms belong?
Tridachia crispata Cittarium pica Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda
88
To what phylum and class do these organisms belong?
Phylum Cnidaria Class Scyphozoa
89
To what phylum and class does this organism belong?
Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda
90
The end
92
Soft coral polyps
100
Anemones
Similar presentations
