1. Pregnancy and Lactation Life Cycle Nutrition

2. Prior To Pregnancy Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight Choose and adequate and balanced diet Be physically active Avoid harmful influences

3. Weight Prior To Conception Underweight –Preterm Overweight and obesity –Post term –Cesarean section

4. Weight Gain

5. #2 b

6. Weight Gain #4 c

7. Exercise During Pregnancy Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

8. Energy And Nutrient Needs #6 c #13 b,c

11. Nutrition-Related Concerns Nausea Constipation and hemorrhoids Heartburn Food cravings and aversions Non-Food cravings –Pica #7 d #8 b

12. Nutrition-Related Concerns

14. High-Risk Pregnancies

16. Infant’s Birth Weight Low birthweight (LBW) –Criteria: 5 ½ pounds –Causes: Mother’s weight Mother’s nutritional status Mother’s age #1 b #11 d #12 a

17. Maternal Health Preexisting diabetes Gestational diabetes Pre-existing hypertension Transient hypertension of pregnancy Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia Pregnancy in adolescents Pregnancy in older women –Down’s Syndrome

18. Practices Incompatible With Pregnancy Alcohol; caffeine Illicit drugs; medicinal drugs Herbal supplements Smoking; chewing tobacco (SIDS) Environmental contaminants Vitamin/Mineral megadoses Weight-loss dieting Sugar substitutes

19. Breastfeeding

21. Practices Incompatible With Lactation Alcohol; smoking; caffeine Illicit drugs; medicinal drugs Environmental contaminants #16 b

22. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome #9 d

23. Alcohol Prenatal alcohol exposure –Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder = ARND –Alcohol-related birth defects = ARBD

24. Alcohol Drinking during pregnancy How much is too much? When is the damage done? –1 st trimester – brain, heart, kidney –2 nd trimester – increased abortion –3 rd trimester – growth retardation