1.  Helpan (Infinitive) - hulpon (Past Plural)  ge-  yfel (bad) - wiersa – wierest  bēon, wesan

2. A synthetic language:  grammatical ending  sound interchange  grammatical prefixes  suppletive formation

3.  Gender  Number  Case

4.  Nominative  Accusative  Genitive  Dative  Instrumental

5.  Nominative : se cyning  Accusative: Æþelbald lufode þone cyning "Æþelbald loved the king“  Genitive: þæs cyninges scip  Dative: hringas þæm cyninge  Instrumental: lifde sweorde - "he lived by the sword"

7. Strong declension (Vocalic stems) Weak decle nsion Root- stems Other minor stems r-, s-, nd- a- stems ja-, wa- stems ō- stems jō-, wō- stems i- stems u- stems n- stems MNFMNFMFMNFMFMNF

8. Masculine NeuterFeminine Sg.PL.Sg.PL.Sg.PL. Nom--as- -u (-) --a Genes-a-esa-e-a Dat-e-um-e-um-e-um Acc--as- -e-a

9. Nom stān stānas stānGen stānes stān stāna stān Dat stāne stān stānum stān Acc stānas stān

10.  Scip (Neuter) – ship  Tale (Feminine) tale

11. scip SingularPlural Accusative (þæt) scip(þā) scipu Genitive (þæs) scipes(þāra) scipa Dative (þæm) scipe(þæm) scipum Nominative (þæt) scip(þā) scipu

12.  Masculine: earm (an arm), eorl, hring (a ring),  Neuter dor (a gate), hof (a courtyard), bearn (a child), dēor (an animal)

13. Sg.Pl.Nom--a Gen-a-a Dat-a-um Acc--a

14. wita (a wizard), steorra (a star), heorte (a heart), sunne (Sun), tima, Sg.Pl. N --an G -ena D -an-um A -an

15.  The old case endings were added directly to the final consonant of the root (no stem suffix)  The i-mutation rule  The root vowel is changed during the declension  Eg. fōt

16.  hnutu  gōs  mūs  tō þ  bōc  lūs

17.  r- stems for family relatives : dohtor m ō dor  (e)s -stems for children and cubs: cild 'a child', cealf 'a calf‘ lamb

18.  nd –stems  frēond,  Hettend  H æ lend  Wealend  āgend

19. First person CaseSingularDualPlural Nom.icwitwē Gen.mīnuncerūre, ūser Dat.mēuncūs Acc.mec, mēuncitūsic, ūs

20. Second person CaseSingularDualPlural Nom.Þūgitgē Gen.Þīnincerēower Dat.Þēincēow Acc.Þēc, Þēincit, incēowic, ēow

21. Third person Masc.Fem.NeuterPlural Nom.hēhēo, hīohithīe,hī, hēo Gen.hishire, hierehis hira,heora, hiera, hyra Dat.himhire, hierehimhim, heom Acc.hine hīe, hī, h  hit hīe, hī, hēo

22. 1. sē, sēo, þæt 2. þ ēs, þ ēōs, þis

23. SingularPlural Masculine FeminineNeuter Nominative sēsē sēosēoÞæt Þā Þā Genitive ÞæsÞ ǣ reÞæs Þ ā ra, Þ ǣ ra Dative ÞǣmÞǣmÞ ǣ reÞǣmÞǣmÞ ǣ m, Þ ā m Accusative ÞoneÞāÞā Þæt Þā Þā Instrument al Þ ӯ, Þon — —

24.  hwā ? ( who ?) and hwæt ? ( what ?) Nominative hwā hwæt Accusative hwæs Genitive hw ǣ m hw­ ǣ m Dative hwone hwæt Instrumental —hw ӯ, hwī

25.  hwilc ? ( which )

26. 1. gehwā (every) – declined as hwā ; 2. gehwilc (each), ǣ gÞer (either), ǣ lc (each), swilc (such) 3. sē ilca – declined as a weak adjective.

27.  Indefinite pronouns sum (some), ǣ nig (any)  Negative nān, n ǣ ning (no) – declined as strong adjectives.

28. I. 1. What kind of declension type of OE do you remember? 2. What type of declension did such nouns as tooth, foot, man, goose, mouse belong to in OE? II. 1. What kinds of pronouns existed in OE? 2. Which pronouns had the dual number?

29.  Strong  Þā men sindon gōde  gōd man  sē gōd a man, þy betstan lēōde(with the best song).

30.  sē gōd a man,  þy betstan lēōde(with the best song).

31. weak MasculineNeuterFeminine Singular Nominativeblacablace Genitiveblacan Dativeblacan Accusativeblacanblaceblacan

32. MasculineNeuterFeminine Singular Nominativeblæc blacu Genitiveblaces blæcre Dativeblacum blæcre Accusativeblæcneblæcblace

33. Positive degree Comparativ e degree Superlative degree earm (poor)earmraearmost blæc (black)blæcrablacost

34. Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree gōd (good) betera sēlra betst sēlest yfel (bad)wiersawierest micel (large)māra m ǣ st l ӯ tel (little)l ǣ ssa l ǣ st