1. Technology and Roles of Women Through the 600c.e.

2. Technology- early civilization Ploughs, hoes, rakes, the wheel ( the cart), pottery ( to store the food surpluses) Copper was the first metal used.

3. Weapons Once society was able to grow enough food, they had the need to create weapons to defend themselves from nomadic invaders. Iron – used to make weapons Wheeled Chariots around 1500 b.c.e.

4. The Stirrup The stirrup – developed by nomadic society ( most likely the Mongols) and spread to China. Arrived late in Europe because the mountainous geography limited the use of horses and charriots. Plus the horses were to small to carry heavily armored soldiers.

5. Poop? The earliest form of public works focused on irrigation ( ways to help produce food) Later as populations grew and the people had a steady supply of water through irrigation and aqueducts they had a need for sewer system. Indus River Valley 2500 b.c.e. had the first elaborate sewers. Later these would appear in the Roman Empire.

6. Monuments and Trade Once the food and poop where taken care society could focus on architecture. During this time they built structures like Pyramids, ziggurats, walls, temples, coliseums, theatres, and roads. The building of roads helped establish trade. Over land or sea these goods were traded: silk, cotton, wool, semi precious gems, jewlery, olive oil, and spices.

7. Technologies from China that will change the WORLD During the Han dynasty they developed windmills and wheelbarrows, early forms of gunpowder, distill alcohol, and produced paper from tree bark.

8. Women As society settled down the role of women changed. Womens roles differed depending on social status or class. Upper class women were restricted from public while peasant women worked outside the home. Public veiling of upper class women appears as early as the Babylonian Empire and is widspread by Greek and Roman Times.

9. Women affected by culture and religion In Buddhism and Christianity women were created equal in the ideals that they can achieve salvation or nirvana. Hinduism and Confucianism were more restrictive. A Hindu women can not read the scriptures or participate in prayers. Daoism in China promoted a balance between men and women but as Confucian came to dominate women became inferior.

11. THE BIG PICTURE Early Civilizations to Fall of Empires Change is civilizations occurred because of new innovations like the wheel and iron. The 2 main reasons for change around the world: trade and conquest Some civilizations were more innovative while others were more adaptive. Whatever they invent they spread to others; whatever they borrow they change to meet their needs.

12. THE BIG PICTURE As civilizations developed they were less subject to natural events causing their demise, but more subject to others civilizations doing so. As major belief systems developed, civilizations became less interested in appeasing the gods to protect them from natural disasters and more interested in internal peace or salvation. This corresponds to humans’ ability to figure out nature. Their focus of concern shifted from the need for bodily protection to the desire for internal peace. Hence the birth and spreading of the monotheistic religions.