1. Exploring poetry Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Anisa Risatyah,S.Pd

2. Outline Review : 1. types of poetry 2. Voice 3. Diction 4. Imagery 5. Figurative language 6. Symbolism First assignment

3. 1. Types of poetry Poetry can be grouped into narrative and lyric poetry Narrative poetry: tell stories and describe actions e.g. - Epics (long narrative poems that record the adventures of a hero whose exploits are important to the history of a nation - ballads - romance

4. 1. Types of poetry (cont.) Lyric poetry focuses more on the emotion. Lyrics an be defined as subjective poems, often brief, expresses the feelings and thoughts of a single speaker (who may or may not represent the poet). E.g. - Epigram (a brief witty poem that is often satirical) - Ode (a long stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form) -Aubade (a love lyric expressing complaint that the speaker must part from his lover) -Sonnet

5. 2. Voice and tone The speaker’s voice conveys tone Tone is an abstraction we make from the datails of a poem’s language: meter, diction, imagery, figures of speech. Listen to a poem’s language, hear the voice of its speaker -> we catch the tone and feeling and meaning What is the tone in Wordsworth’s I wandered lonely as a cloud?

6. 3. Diction Words choice To understand not only the words’ meaning but also understand what the words imply or suggest. Words have both denotation (dictionary meaning) and connotation (association meaning, implied meaning). William Wordsworth’s I wandered lonely as a cloud.

7. William Wordsworth’s I wandered lonely as a cloud I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. *Golden (adj) : made of gold, the colour of gold connotation meaning: light (it shines and glitters), wealth (money and fortune)

8. 4. Imagery Images are words or phrases that appeal to our senses. Imagery refers to the combinations or clusters of images that are used to create a dominant impression. Imagery may be visual (something seen) aural (something heard) tactile (something felt) Olfactory (something smelled) Gustatory (something tasted)

9. Thomas Hardy’s Neutral Tones We stood by a pond that winter day, And the sun was white, as though chidden of God, And a few leaves lay on the starving sod; -- They had fallen from an ash, and were gray

10. 5. Figurative Language Any use of language which deviates from the obvious or common usage in order to achieve a special meaning or effect. e.g. simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, hyperbole, euphemism, etc.

11. Simile Figure of speech in which a comparison between two distinctly different things is indicated by the words ‘like’, ‘as’, or ‘than’ 3 elements: tenor, vehicle, ground Life is like a rollercoaster Tenor (subject) : life Vehicle (comparison): rollercoaster Ground (tenor + vehicle have in common) : it has its ups and downs Metaphor Implied comparison which creates a total identification between the two things being compared. 3 elements: tenor, vehicle, ground. e.g. Life is a rollercoaster Tenor? Vehicle? Ground?

12. Metonymy Greek: a change of name Term for one thing is applied to another which it has become closely associated. e.g. crown refers to a king the White House refers to official Washington home for the President/ the American government itself Synecdoche Greek: taking together A part of something is used to signify the whole, or vice versa. e.g. Many hands make light work (proverb) I am reading Dickens

13. Personification A form of comparison in which human characteristics, such as emotion, personality, behaviour, and so on, are attributed to animal, object, or idea. Is intended to make ideas clearer to the readers by comparing the object to everyday human experience. e.g.? Hyperbole A figure of speech which employ exaggeration, extreme, or excessive. E.g. ?

14. 6. Symbolism A symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents something beyond itself. e.g. rose : beauty, love tree : family’s root and branches soaring bird : freedom light : hope, knowledge, life

15. Cultural or shared symbols are widely recognized and accepted are needed careful examination e.g. Dawn = hope white = innocence dark = ignorance light = knowledge Literary or personal symbols Authors’ own original symbols Do not have pre- established associations : the meaning emerges from the context

16. First assignment Format - Times New Roman, 12, double space, A4, normal margin. -Tittle : First Assignment – Exploring Poetry An analysis on (poem’s tittle) by: (names of group) Due date and time -Submit the assignment via e-mail before or on the agreed due date and time -Late submission will not be accepted - Any plagiarism/ copy-pasted assignment results on zero score. No revision.