1. Principles of Historical Geology III Historical Geology – Principles III

2. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III William "Strata" Smith Late 1700's obsessed English canal engineer Bio@www.ucmp.berkeley.edu

3. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 1. Fossils occur in an orderly and predictable fashion in a vertical succession of rocks. AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD

4. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 1. Fossils occur in an orderly and predictable fashion in a vertical succession of rocks. AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD No theory … just what you see!!!

5. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 2. Each stratigraphic level has an unique assemblage of fossils. AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD

6. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 2. Each stratigraphic level has an unique assemblage of fossils. AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD

7. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 2. Each stratigraphic level has an unique assemblage of fossils. AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD (1)(1) (2)(2) (3)(3) (4)(4) (5)(5) (6)(6) AB Zone

8. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 3. Therefore, the same fossil assemblage found in layers of rock from two locations are:

9. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 3. Therefore, the same fossil assemblage found in layers of rock from two locations are: same position in sequence

10. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Fossil collecting at one locality yields many specimens of: C and D but no others. What is your position?

11. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD (1)(1) (2)(2) (3)(3) (4)(4) (5)(5) (6)(6) Fossil collecting at one locality yields many specimens of: C and D but no others. What is your position? Zone 5

12. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: 3. Therefore, the same fossil assemblage found in layers of rock from two locations are: same position in sequence same position in Earth’s History

13. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD (1)(1) (2)(2) (3)(3) (4)(4) (5)(5) (6)(6) FFFFFF EEEEEEEE CCCCCC DDDDDDDD “Home” “new & unknown” BBBB

14. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III AAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD (1)(1) (2)(2) (3)(3) (4)(4) (5)(5) (6)(6) FFFFFF EEEEEEEE CCCCCC DDDDDDDD “Home” “new & unknown” BBBB

15. Other Principles of Historical Geology Historical Geology – Principles III Principle of Fossil Succession: allows for Correlation: establishing lateral equivalence of rock layers that were once continuous.

16. The map that changed the world: Historical Geology – Principles III http://www.unh.edu/esci/greatmap.html link to map W. Smith

17. The map that changed the world: Historical Geology – Principles III http://www.unh.edu/esci/greatmap.html link to map W. Smith The first geologic map

18. Historical Geology – Principles III

19. Review Historical Geology – Principles III Superposition Original Horizontality Original Lateral Continuity Inclusion of Components Cross Cutting Relationships Uniformitarianism Fossil Succession Biological Evolution Plate Tectonics