1. Animal Definitions of Territoriality Burt (1943) Territory is the protective part of the home range/area around the home site over which the animal normally travels. Hediger (1950, 1961) Area animal lives in and prevents other members of his species from entering. McBride (1964) Fixed geographic areas maintained and defended against other species members.

2. Human Definitions of Territoriality Sommer (1966) Area controlled or actual possession by an individual, family or group. The area is personalized or marked in some way. Altman (1967-1974) Mutually exclusive use of area/objects by persons/groups.

3. Territoriality Problems/Issues –Definitions based on active defense do not seem appropriate for most human behaviour. –Effects of deterritorialization highlight the importance of territoriality (e.g., culture shock, deaths in Hmong refugees, discharged psychiatric patients, etc.)

4. Animal/Human Similarities in Territoriality Home territories used for specific behaviours (e.g., rearing of young). Relationship between size of territory and social status.

5. Animal/Human Differences in Territoriality Rarity of total invasion/occupation of territory in animals. Humans can engage in warfare without trespass. Humans admit others to home territory. Rarity of territory related fighting on the human individual level.

6. Functions of Territoriality Group identity/bonding Role/status setting Control (e.g., defensible space, deterritorialization, geographic profiling)