1. “The Study of Life” Chapter 1

2. I. What is Biology? A. Biology - the study of living things/ organisms

3. Characteristics of Living Organisms 1. Reproduce

4. Characteristics of Living Organisms 2. Respond (adjust)

5. Characteristics of Living Organisms 3. Adapt & Evolve

6. Characteristics of Living Organisms 4. Metabolize (use or make food)

7. Characteristics of Living Organisms 5. Respiration (gas exchange)

8. Characteristics of Living Organisms 6. Grow/Develop

9. Characteristics of Living Organisms 7. Highly organized (exp cells)

10. 1. Atoms and Molecules Organization of living things - “organisms”

11. 2. Cells - “basic unit of life” Human embryonic stem cells grown at the University of Wisconsin-Madison randomly changed into cell types found in the A) gut B) brain C) bone marrow D) cartilage E) muscle F) kidney Scientists haven't learned to control the development. ©1998 Science. Courtesy University CommunicationsUniversity Communications http://whyfiles.org/127stem_cell/ http://www.texasheart.org/Research/StemCellCenter/index.cfm?gclid=CM u_o_vMzpwCFQoMDQodezTCJQ http://www.purstem.eu/cmsms/in dex.php?page=videos

12. 3. Tissues - group of specialized cells

13. 4. Organs - group of specialized tissues

14. 5. Organ Systems - specific organs

15. 6. Organism - all organ systems working together “ a single living thing”

16. 7. Population/Species- group of organisms that can interbreed and produce offspring. 8. Community - various populations, multiple species 9. Ecosystem - various communities and their interactions with abiotic/nonliving or physical environment around them p397 http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/Biology-Is-Studied-at-Many- Levels-of-35665

17. 10. Biosphere - all organisms and the environment they live in, both living and nonliving factors

18. Structure & Function Structure – shape or form Function – what it does Exp: Nerve cell Blood cell

19. Homeostasis – “steady state” maintenance of organisms internal environment Negative feedback – tends to return organism/system to its original state (homeostasis). Exp: Exercise ( Temp)....... Cold ( Temp)...........

20. The process of identifying new and interesting things about nature requires scientists to ask questions, make observations and try to explain things they observe. 1.Observation : use senses or tools to gather information. 2.Question: 3.Hypothesis : “Educated Guess” derived from observation. 4.Experiment : test the hypothesis, collect and analyze data. 2 Forms of Data : Quantitative – numerical values (SI) Qualitative – descriptive research, purely observational 5. Conclusion : Judgment or explanation made based on observations/data collected throughout the experiment. –State whether experiment proves or disproves the hypothesis Scientific Method http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/scientificmethod.ht ml

22. Keys to a good Experiment 1. Controlled (constants) –2 groups: control and experimental 2. Design a)Independent variable - condition that is changed in an experiment and effects the outcome of that experiment (what was changed, or manipulated) b) Dependent Variable - second conditions that result from change in the independent variable. (outcome of the change, exp data….measured and observed)

23. Tools 1.Compd light microscopes – uses light to magnify living or preserved specimens, 2D images 2. SEM – e-’s deflect off of specimens, 3D images 3. TEM – e-’s pass through specimens, 2D image/ high mag 4.Computer based technology -models used to study complex systems that can’t be studied directly (spread of avian flu) -given rise to new areas of study…genomics

24. Your Knowledge of Biology Can help you make informed decisions that impact your health and the health of the environment around you. Biotechnology- the use and application of living organisms or other biological systems in the manufacture of products. (yeast…bread) Transgenic – genetically modified organisms, contain one or more genes from another species. -Exps: insect/diesease and drought resistant crops, rBGH/rBST etc. Molecular genetics – study and manipulation of DNA and genes on a molecular level. http://www.goldiesroom.org/Note%20Packets/20%20Molecular%20Genetics/00%20Molecular%20Genetics--WHOLE.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0UzdYRnMtY