1. European Exploration of the Americas Spain Claims an Empire European Competition in North America The Spanish & Native Americans Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas

2. Spain Claims an Empire Marco Polo’s tales Overland route costly & dangerous Portugal takes the lead Henry the Navigator Began a school of navigation Water route to Asia Bartolomeu Dias Sailed to Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama Sailed all the way to India

5. Spain Claims an Empire Christopher Columbus - 1492 Believed in a faster route King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella’s support Sailed with 3 ships Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria San Salvador – October 12, 1492 Believed he had reached Asia Treaty of Tordesillas Divided new lands between Spain & Portugal

8. Spain Claims an Empire Conquistidors Gold (mercantilism) Glory God (missionaries) Amerigo Vespucci Realized land was not Asia, but a whole NEW WORLD German mapmaker labeled new land - AMERICA Vasco Nunez de Balboa Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellen Expedition sailed around the globe 5 ships & 270 men 3years 1 ship w/ 19 men

9. Spain Claims an Empire Hernando Cortes – 1519-1521 Conquered Aztecs Dona Marina 508 men & several horses Montezuma Aztec leader Francisco Pizarro - 1531 Conquered Incas Atahualapa Inca Emperor

12. European Competition in North America John Cabot (England) Newfoundland Giovanni da Verrazzano (France) Northeast coast of United States Jacques Cartier (France) St. Lawrence seaway to present day Montreal Samuel de Champlain (France) Founded fur trading post at Quebec (1608) Oldest permanent French settlement in new world Henry Hudson (Dutch) Explored New York harbor area

17. The Spanish & Native Americans Not as much gold as Spain had hoped Encomiendas Grant allowing forced native American labor Haciendas Large farms or plantations Missions Settlements intended to convert natives to Christianity (Catholic) Bartolome’ de Las Casas “Protector of the Indians”

18. The Spanish & Native Americans Columbian Exchange Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, & culture from Europe to the Americas & back Europe had never seen: Pumpkins, turkeys, squash, pineapple, tobacco, sweet potato, peppers, peanuts, potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, or vanilla America had never seen: Coffee, peaches, pears, citrus fruits, bananas, sugar cane, honey bees, onions, wheat, rice, cows, sheep, pigs, horses, grapes, olives, or diseases like – measles, smallpox, malaria, common cold

20. Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas Slavery One person owned by another Growth of plantations led to a need for workers Captured slaves escaped Began trading slaves from Americas to Africa Slave trade develops Dutch set up MIDDLE Passage Triangular Trade Molasses to Rum to Slaves