1. Improved Imaging of Near Earth Objects Using Better Telescope Specifications Hazel Butler CfAO Akamai Internship Institute for Astronomy Advisors: Stuart Jefferies and Doug Hope

2. Imaging of Near Earth Objects (NEO)  Asteroids, satellites, space debris Monitor Satellite Health  Cost millions  Track orbits Motivation

3. Telescope Limitations Diffraction Limit  Telescope Aperture  Resolution Atmospheric Distortion  R 0

4. Atmospheric Distortion Planer Light Waves Atmosphere Distorted Light Waves

5. Overcoming this Problem Adaptive Optics Image Restoration  Prior Information  Point Spread Function (PSF)

6. Uses multiple frames to estimate the PSF and the object Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution

7. Telescope Pupil Function Specify radius of the telescope pupil

8. My Project Wrong pupil size Intensity differences error High Intensity Medium Intensity Low Intensity objectPoint Spread Function

9. Methodology Build Pupil Program Run Simulations Build Error Program Calculate Errors Analyze Results Build Intensity Difference Program Calculate Errors Analyze Results Conclusions

10. ) Computing the Error 2 ( Estimated Image Truth Image 2

11. Simulation Parameters The atmospheric distortion (D/r 0 ) was 5. Intensity Levels  High Threshold (0.05)  Low Threshold (0.005) 3 Pupil Radii 16 Frames

12. Total Error Results

13. Intensity Error Results

14. Conclusions Pupil Radius Significance High and Low Intensity Image Improvement Odd Phase Results

15. References and Sources Astronomy Picture of the Day images http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html Bracewell, R. The Fourier Transform and its Applications. 2000. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston Nocedal, J. and Wright, S. Numerical Optimization. 1999. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York Roggemann, M and Welsh, B. Imaging through turbulance. 1996 CRC press LLC, Boca Raton

16. Acknowledgements Institute for Astronomy  Doug Hope  Stuart Jefferies  Cindy Geibink Center for Adaptive Optics  Malika Bell  Lisa Hunter  Hilary O’Bryan Maui Economic Development Board  Isla Yap Maui Community College  Mark Hoffman Funding provided through the Center for Adaptive Optics, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center (STC), AST-987683