1. L OW E NERGY B UILDING D ESIGN A LEX N IX H AZEL E ASTON E UAN R OBERTSON A LASDAIR H OON D APHNE K OULITSA

2. D ESIGN B RIEF A low energy data centre for a computer company housing large amounts of IT equipment Building area and maximum height is 200m x 300m x10m 50 employees, 40 in a open plan area and 10 in cellular offices. Facilities for staff included. Industrial site by the village of Allandale near Bonneybridge The design should maximise the quantity of energy supplied from local sources

3. G ANTT C HART

4. M EASURING E NERGY E FFICIENCY Need a way to express and compare the energy efficiency of data centres. Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency Metric and Power Usage Effectiveness With a PUE of 2, a 5MW data centre would consume 10MW total including cooling and all power used by staff (lighting etc) A very efficient data centre has a PUE of 1.2

5. S ITE A NALYSIS

6. The site is covered with debris and vegetation. The proposed site is the former Castlecary brickworks

7. S ITE A NALYSIS

8. C LIMATE A NALYSIS – T EMPERATURE AND R AINFALL

9. C LIMATE A NALYSIS – W IND E NERGY P OTENTIAL MonthWind Speed km/hWind Speed m/s January318.6 February328.9 March318.6 April267.2 May246.7 June226.1 July236.4 August236.4 September236.4 October246.7 November246.7 December256.9 Average25.77.1 Available power for wind energy scales with the cube of wind velocity (v) A turbine which produces 100kW in 12 m/s wind only produces ~25kW in 7 m/s wind

10. C LIMATE A NALYSIS – S OLAR E NERGY P OTENTIAL In Northern Europe, incoming energy from the Sun is about 110 W/m 2 With a fill factor of 0.8 and efficiency of 0.2 output energy is about 17.6 W/m 2 Devoting a 150x150m area totally to PV panels would provide a maximum of about 400 kW while the sun is shining Averaged over a year, PV farms in the UK only achieve 4-5 W/m 2

11. C ASE S TUDY 1 Yahoo! Data centre. Lockport, New York. “Chicken Coop” design

12. C ASE S TUDY 2 Facebook data centre. Luleå, Sweden. LEED Gold Certificate for energy efficiency.

13. D ESIGN R EQUIREMENTS A typical rack of IT equipment uses 2.5 – 5 kW and is around 0.8x1.2m With 2.5 kW racks, 5 MW requires 1920 m 2 (plus space between ~3000 m 2 ) This estimate agrees with the sizes of Facebook’s data centres. Server room would be around 50x60m

14. D ESIGN R EQUIREMENTS The server room should: Be secure – no windows Minimize risk of water – avoid external walls and basement or top floor locations where possible Be accessible – e.g. ramps for equipment Minimize fire risk Be future –proof

15. D ESIGN R EQUIREMENTS Open plan office for 40 people (6m 2 per workspace plus circulation) 10 room based offices (11-20m 2 per office) Kitchen/break room Toilets

16. C ONSTRUCTION R EQUIREMENTS Where possible, the materials used in construction should be: Recycled Sustainable Locally Sourced Low Embodied Energy Low cost Based on these requirements, timber and steel are both viable options.

17. L IGHTING O PTIONS Fluorescent Lighting - Cheap - Lasts up to 10,000 hours - Requires Maintenance LED Lighting - Energy Efficient - Lasts up to 60,000 hours - Less Expensive in the long run

18. E NERGY S AVING M ETHODS Cooling Techniques - Air Cooling - Water Cooling - Evaporative Cooling

19. E NERGY S AVING M ETHODS Manage Airflow - Thermal Modeling to ensure an even level of heat throughout the room - Use metal sheeting or plastic curtains to keep hot air coming from servers mixing with cool air in the aisles between Reuse waste heat - Heat energy could also be transferred from the server room to heat other rooms in the building

20. I NITIAL P LAN C ONCEPT