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EARTH, MOON, & SUN
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Earth’s movement in space. Earth rotates on it’s imaginary axis. This imaginary line (axis) passes through the Earth at it’s North and South poles.
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Earth’s rotation causes day and night. As the Earth rotates toward the east, the sun appears to move toward the west. (The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.)
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To help remember Earth’s rotational direction, think about New York. The Eastern Time Zone (New York) is one hour ahead of us (Central Time Zone).
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How long does it take the Earth to complete a rotation? 24 hours As you know, each 24 hour cycle is called a day.
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While rotating on its axis, Earth also revolves around the sun.
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The Earth is rotating on it’s axis and at the same time it is revolving (revolution) around the sun. The word rotation is shorter than the word revolution. Rotation = 24 hours/ one day Revolution = 365.26 days/ one year
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D.O.S. 1.What do we call Earth’s movement on it’s axis? 2.How long does this cycle take to complete? 3.What do we call Earth’s movement around the sun? 4.How long does this cycle take to complete?
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The Seasons Most places on Earth (outside the tropics and polar regions) have 4 distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn (fall). Why are temperatures warmer in the tropics and colder in the polar regions?
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What causes the seasons on Earth? There are two main reasons. The tilt of Earth’s axis and Earth revolving around the sun. Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees as the Earth revolves around the sun. Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees as the Earth revolves around the sun.
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As Earth revolves around the sun, the north end of its axis is tilted away from the sun for part of the year and toward the sun for part of the year.
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During Kentucky’s winter, the southern hemisphere receives the majority of the solar radiation because the south pole is tilted toward the sun. The day in which the daylight hours are the shortest in the northern hemisphere is December 22, the Winter Solstice (sun is farthest south of the equator). Winter
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Six months later, on June 22, the earth has completed one half of its orbit with the northern hemisphere receiving the majority of the radiation. This is called the Summer Solstice, the sun is farthest north of the equator. Notice the north pole is tilted toward the sun. Summer
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Twice a year, March 21 and September 23, both hemispheres receive the same amount of radiation. The days are called the equinox meaning equal night. Both hemispheres have 12 hours of daylight and darkness. Spring Autumn
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1. Why do some parts of Earth not have seasonal changes like we do in Kentucky? 2. What causes the four seasons that we experience? 3. What is the degree measure of Earth’s axis?
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Gravity & Motion What is gravity? The force that pulls all objects toward each other. Does the Earth, moon, and sun have gravity?
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If the sun and Earth are constantly pulling on each other because of gravity, what keeps the Earth from falling into the sun? What keeps the moon from crashing into the Earth? Think about The Law of Inertia.
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D.O.S. What phase was yesterday’s/ last night’s moon? What phase was yesterday’s/ last night’s moon? List the moon phases in order starting with a new moon. List the moon phases in order starting with a new moon.
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Moon’s Rotation & Revolution The moon takes 27.3 days to complete one rotation and one revolution. The moon phases takes 29.5 days to complete. The phases start with a New Moon (no visible moon) and then moves into a First Quarter Moon. The next phase is a Full Moon. When the moon moves from a New Moon to a Full Moon it waxes (what you see gets larger over several nights). The moon phases takes 29.5 days to complete. The phases start with a New Moon (no visible moon) and then moves into a First Quarter Moon. The next phase is a Full Moon. When the moon moves from a New Moon to a Full Moon it waxes (what you see gets larger over several nights).
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After the moon completes it’s Full Moon phase it moves to the Third (Last) Quarter phase and then back into the New Moon phase. What we see over several nights is the visible moon getting smaller. This is called waning.
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Eclipses and Tides
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Solar Eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes in front of the Sun and obscures it totally or partially. This configuration can only exist at New Moon, when Sun, Moon and Earth are on a single line with the Moon in the middle.
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Lunar Eclipse
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The difference A Solar eclipse only occurs when the moon is in a straight line between the sun and Earth during the New Moon phase. A Solar eclipse only occurs when the moon is in a straight line between the sun and Earth during the New Moon phase. A Lunar eclipse only occurs when Earth is between the sun and the moon during the Full Moon phase. The Earth blocks the sunlight normally reflected by the Moon. A Lunar eclipse only occurs when Earth is between the sun and the moon during the Full Moon phase. The Earth blocks the sunlight normally reflected by the Moon.
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Tides Bulging is produced on the Earth`s crust and its oceans. The Moon produces two tidal bulges on the Earth through the effects of gravitational pull. The height of the tidal bulges is controlled by the Moon's gravitational force and the Earth's own gravity pulling the water back. At the location on the Earth closest to the Moon, seawater is drawn toward the Moon. On the opposite side of the Earth, another tidal bulge is produced away from the Moon where the force of its gravity is weakest.
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When the Sun and the Moon are at 90º to the Earth (during first and last quarter moons), the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon are competing. At these times, high tides do not rise very high and low tides do not fall very much. These are known as neap tides. Earth`s tides are also affected by the Sun as the Earth orbits around it. When the Earth, Moon and Sun are in line twice a month at new and full moons, the gravitational pull on the Earth is increased, and high tides are higher than at any other times. Conversely, low tides are at their lowest. These are called spring tides.
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