1. Anth: 3100A Central America: Memory, Machos and Machilas

3. Key concepts: Colonialism: The control of one nation by “transplanted” people of another nation— often a geographically distant nation that has a different culture and dominant racial or ethnic group

4. Neo-colonialism: The dominance of strong nations over weak nations, not by direct political control (as in traditional colonialism), but by economic and cultural influence. Control that is economic and cultural, rather than political, is often called neo-colonialism.

5. Imperialism: Acquisition by a government of other governments or territories, or of economic or cultural power over other nations or territories, often by force. Colonialism is a form of imperialism.

6. Machismo: Exaggerated pride in masculinity, perceived as power, often coupled with a minimal sense of responsibility and disregard of consequences

10. Objectives to briefly familiarise students with the histories of Central America to provide students with an in-depth understanding of two case studies (Nicaragua and Guatemala) to critically evaluate representations of regional issues though anthropological critical tools.

11. Methodology and Evaluation Lectures, readings, films and discussions Two in-class exams, one paper and four in- class exercises

12. Readings Roger Lancaster (1992) “Life is Hard: Machismo, Danger, and the Intimacy of Power in Nicaragua” Elisabeth Burgos-Debray, Editor (1984) “I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala” Additional readings

13. Examinations First exam(May 27)25% Final exam (June 22)30% Ethnographic Review Paper (June 10 th ) 25% Class participation and attendance 20%

14. Schedule 1. WELCOME TO CENTRAL AMERICA Introduction to the Course Overview of The Region

15. 2. LEGACIES AND CENTRAL AMERICAN CONTEXTS Readings: 1. “Mestizaje, Hybridity, and the Cultural Politics of Difference in Post-Revolutionary Central America” Charles r. Hale, 1996 2.“The Central American Crisis” (1 to 24) John A. Booth and Thomas W. Walker, 1989 3.“ An Overview: 50 Years of Revolution and Intervention in Central America” Susane Jonas. In Revolution and Intervention in Central America. Marlene Dixon and Susane Jonas, Editors, 1981 4.“Regimes and Revolution in Central America” Heinrich- W. Krumwiede, 1984 Film 1: The World is Watching,

16. 3. MEMORIES, HISTORY AND MACHISMO IN NICARAGUA Readings: Introduction, chapters 1,2,3 and 4 (Life is Hard) xiii to 68 Additional readings: “The Home Front: Family Life and Sexuality”. Helen Collinson, 1990 “ Guto’s Performance” Roger Lancaster, 1997

17. 4. SOCIAL NETWORKING, GOSSIP AND THE ANTHROPOLOGIST Readings: Chapters, 5, and 6(Life is Hard) 69 to 106 Additional readings: “Gender, Politics, and the Triumph of Mestizaje in Early 20 th Century Nicaragua” Jeffrey Gould, 1996 Film 2: Pictures From a Revolution by Susan Meiselas

18. 5. SOME NICARAGUAN LIVES: THE IMPACT OF REVOLUTION Readings: Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and Conclusion (Life is Hard) 107- 299 Additional Readings: “ Introduction and Chapter One”, in The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution. Gary Prevost and Harry E. Vanden, 1997 Review for first exam

19. 6. First Exam (May 27 th )

20. 7. AFTERMATH OF REVOLUTION: LABOR CONDITIONS AND AFTERTHOUGHTS Readings: “Democracy Derailed: The 1990 Elections and After”, Harry E. Vanden. ”, In The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution. Gary Prevost and Harry E. Vanden, 1997 “Nicaragua’s Transition of State Power: Through Feminist Lenses” Cynthia Chavez Metoyer. ”, In The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution. Gary Prevost and Harry E. Vanden, 1997 Additional Readings: “Regional GSP efforts in Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua” Henry J. Frundt. In Trade Conditions and Labor Rights: U.S Initiatives, Dominican and Central American Response. 1998. “Hard Copy” Exposes Nicaraguan Sweatshops At Sweatshop Watch. Org: www.compugraph.com/clrwww.compugraph.com/clr

21. 8. NATIONALISM AND VIOLENCE IN GUATEMALA Readings: Intro, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 (I Rigoberta) xi to 58 Additional Readings: “Between Two Armies…” Chapter One and Two. David Stoll, 1993. Film: TBA (probably “El Norte”)

22. 9. MEMORIES, REALITY AND POLITICAL STRUGGLE Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 (I Rigoberta) 59 to 140 Additional Readings: “Entitling Ethnicities: Land, Locality, and Identity in Two Maya Land Titles from Western Guatemala, 1879-1891” By John M. Watanabe, in Indigenous Perceptions of the Nation-State in Latin America. 1995. Introduction“ Searching for the Living Among the Dead” (1 t0 19) In The Blood of Guatemala: A history of Race and Nation. Greg Grandin 2000

23. 10. DEMOCRACY, MARGINALITY AND ETHNIC RESISTANCE Chapters 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. and 28 (I Rigoberta) 141 to 203 Additional Readings: “Democracy, Marginality, and Ethnic Resurgence” in Indigenous Movements and their Critics: Pan-Maya Activism in Guatemala. Kay Warren, 1998 Film: Haunted Land

24. 11.WOMEN, STRUGGLES, AND THE POLITICS OF DISCOURSE Chapters 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34 (I Rigoberta) 204 to 247 Additional Readings: “Indian Giver or Nobel Savage: Duping Assumptions of Identity, and other Double Entendres in Rigoberta Menchu Tum’s Stoll/en Past” Diane M. Nelson, 2001

25. 12: AFTERTHOUGHTS AND UPDATE: ANTHROPOLOGICAL INQUIRIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA READINGS: TBA Review for Final

26. 13: FINAL EXAM