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2. Why Bio Diesel…?  SECURITY OF SUPPLY  SUSTAINABILITY  REDUCTION OF GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS  REGIONAL (RURAL) DEVELOPMENT  SOCIAL STRUCTURE & AGRICULTURE

3. Advantages of Biodiesel  Produced from Renewable Resources  No Engine Modifications required  Less Greenhouse Gas Emissions (e.g., B20 reduces CO 2 by 15%)  Grown, Produced and Distributed Locally  Cleaner form of Biofuel  Biodegradable and Non-Toxic  Better Fuel Economy  Positive Economic Impact  Reduced Foreign Oil Dependance  More Health Benefits  Recommended for use in Emissions Zones  Recommended for use by Organizations affected by the Climate Change Levy Tax

4. Disadvantages of Biodiesel  Variation in Quality of Biodiesel.  Not Suitable for use in Low Temperatures.  Diesel Engine Rubber Seals and Hoses (Biodiesel should not be used in diesel engines which use rubber hoses and rubber seals in the fuel system (usually manufactured pre 1992).

5. Bio Diesel  Made by chemically combining any natural oil or fat with an alcohol  Most European Countries, North America and Canada have active Biodiesel programmed  France currently the largest producer  USA produced 30 million gallons in 2004.

6.  By diesel vehicle industry Audi Steyr Claas DeutzJohn Deere Kubota Massey-Ferguson Mercedes-Benz Nissan Puegot Seat Renault Skoda Valmet BMW VolvoVolkswagen Iseki  By the fuel trade; e.g, Texaco, Shell, Total  By the end-user – bus companies, taxi fleets, forestry enterprises, boat owners  More than 100 production sites (capacity 500-120,000 tons/annum) Wide Acceptance

8. Bio Diesel  Made by chemically combining any natural oil or fat with an alcohol  Most European Countries, North America and Canada have active Biodiesel programmes  France currently the largest producer  USA produced 30 million gallons in 2004. NRRaje Feb 06

9. Indian Specification (BIS) for Bio Diesel

10. PROPERTIESDiesel IS 1460 Specification Biodiesel ASTM 6751 Specification Proposed BIS Specifications (B100) DATA B5DATA B20 DATA (B100) Density (g/cm 3 )820 to 870NA860-900834.2854.7885.7 Carbon Residue (100%) % mass Max. 0.3Max 0.05 0.040.01 Sulphated Ash, % mass Max. 0.01Max 0.020Max 0.020.002 0.001 Total Sulfur, % massMax. 0.25Max 0.05Max 0.0050.020.04NIL Cetane NumberMin. 48Min 47Min 5150.454.656.6 Flash Point, 0 CMin. 35Min 100Min 12039.577103 Copper CorrosionMax. 1No. 3b maxMax 1111 Viscosity, 40 0 C(cSt)2.0 to 5.01.9-6.02.5-6.02.4973.254.10 Neutralization Value (mg) Max. 0.2Max 0.8Max 0.500.10.20.04 Free Glycerin,% massN/AMax 0.02 NANIL0.01 Total Glycerin,% massN/AMax 0.24Max. 0.25NA0.050.22 CFPP, ( 0 C)Max. 6(W)NA 0.00.0 Pour Point deg C3 0 CNA -6-3NA Water and sediments, (% mass) NA0.01NA0.050.04<0.01 BIODIESEL / DIESEL DATA

11.  Biodiesel contains ~10% oxygen  Consequently, slight increase in the apparent fuel consumption rate  2% for B20 blend; 14% for B100 (Cummins engine)  Brake-specific fuel consumption figures  Petrodiesel0.43 lb/HP-hr  B20 0.44 “  B100 0.50 “ FUEL CONSUMPTION

12. DIESELCNGLNGMETHANOL ETHANOL BIODIESEL ____________________________________________________________________ ____ Vehicle cost10555510 Infrastructure10255510 Safety743138 Operating range10510101010 Operating cost1057557 Reliability10753310 Customer acceptance588898 Funding assistance1102022 Training cost10555510 Fuel availability10105556 Fuel quality9510889 Fuel price stability 688666 TOTAL987473616696__ BIODIESEL vs OTHER ALTERNATE FUELS

13.  Planning commission Committee formed Report  Indian Railways – Planted 7.5 million Jatropha plants on railway track  Bureau of Industrial Standards (BIS) has given specification for pure bio-diesel (B100)  Oil marketing companies to make available comprehensive industry guidelines “Operation, Quality & Safety  IOC R&D taken up extensive studies Initiatives taken by Govt.

14.  Feed stock souring  own /external source  Long term contract  Technology  Appropriate for multi food stock  Etraction of value added feed stock like phytochemical formulations during pre treatment  Product quality  Economic consumption of chemicals  Domestic  Export  Glycerin quality & outlet  Process plant size  Transportation  Infrastructure sharing Issues for Investors

15.  Long term plan for Energy  Encourage production & usage of bio fuels  Standards notification  Directive /policy on procurement distribution & allocation of seeds / oils  Firm Selling Price  Policy on Excise & Sales Tax  Encouraging Policy  Customs duty  Waiver on non-edible oils import & machinery initially Long Term Govt. Policies

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