1. Native Americans

2. Why do you think many of the first Americans continued to travel southward after crossing the land bridge?

3. FarmersGatherers HuntersFishermen Native Americans in Texas Use this to put each Native American tribe into the correct category.

4. Native Americans in Texas The Fishermen: Karankawas and Atakapans The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas and Coahuiltecans The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches and Comanches The Farmers: Caddoes and Whichitas

5. How did the environment affect Native Texans?

6. what they ate, what they lived in, how they survived, their customs

7. What are some uses of the buffalo?

9. The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans lived along the Gulf coast from the lower Trinity River to Corpus Christi

10. What do these two pictures say about the Fishermen? The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans

11. The Karankawa men were tall, powerfully built people. The Atakapan people were short and stout. Both tribes smeared themselves with alligator grease and dirt to ward off mosquitoes.

12. The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans lived in huts that had to be easy to take apart and carry. Main diet – from the Gulf waters. –oysters, clams, scallops, turtles –Gathered nuts, berries, seeds

13. The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans They held ceremonial dances and festivals. –Only the men danced Few remained in Texas after 1858.

14. The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans lived along the rivers and creeks of Central Texas and inland from Galveston Bay westward

15. What do these two pictures say about the Plant Gatherers? The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans

16. Both were small, well-built people. Their headdresses were elaborately decorated with animal horns and bright feathers.

17. The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans lived in low circular huts that were dome shaped. Gathered – herbs, roots, seeds, fruits Hunted – rabbits, turtles, skunks, snakes, deer, wild pigs

18. The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans When a loved one died, mourning was for 3 months… they did not leave the camp during this time. Many moved to Mexico and joined tribes there.

19. The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches roamed constantly from the northern part of West Texas down to the border and over into Mexico and New Mexico

20. What do these two pictures say about the Hunters? The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches

21. Both wore clothing made of tanned buffalo hide or deerskin decorated with beads, shells, and animal teeth.

22. The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches lived in tepees of buffalo hide. Main source of food: Buffalo They considered it healthful to drink the warm blood of a freshly killed animal.

23. The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches When a young man was ready to become a warrior, he was sent alone for four days and nights to await visions. These visions would guide him for the remainder of his life. Because of wars and diseases of the white man, there were virtually none left in Texas by the early 1900s.

24. The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas lived in the Piney Woods area of East Texas and near Dallas and Ft. Worth.

25. What do these two pictures say about the Farmers? The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas

26. Both painted themselves with bright colors and wore shells, bones, animal teeth, seeds and feathers. All Native Americans practiced tattooing.

27. The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas built grass huts that looked like beehives. grew corn, beans, melons, pumpkins, tobacco, and squash. gathered wild berries, nuts, figs, peaches, and honey. trapped small animals such as rabbit.

28. The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas Not all men of the tribe were warriors. Because of wars and diseases of the white man, there were virtually none left in Texas by the early 1900s.

29. Sources: http://www.usgs.gov/features/native_america ns.html Celebrating Texas. 1. Austin, Tx.: Lone Star Publishing, 2003. Lone Star. 1. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. Texas!. 1. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2003. http://www.usgs.gov/features/native_america ns.html

30. FarmersGatherers HuntersFishermen Native Americans in Texas