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Long-term Outcome after hyper-CVAD and Imatinib for De Novo or Minimally Treated Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph-ALL) Deborah A. Thomas, Susan O’Brien, Stefan Faderl, Farhad Ravandi, William Wierda, Michael Andreeff, Rebecca Garris, Richard Champlin, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
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Treatment of Adults with Philadelphia positive (Ph)-ALL in Pre-Imatinib Era CR rates similar to Ph negative ALL Outcome with chemotherapy – Short relapse-free survival (RFS) – 3-year survival (OS) rates 10% – 20% – No single regimen superior Allogeneic stem cell transplant (aSCT) – Improved OS rates 27% – 65% (1 st CR)
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aSCT in 1st CR for Ph-ALL: Pre-Imatinib Era StudyNo. %OS %TRM aSCTChemo Dombret et al1543712— Laport et al 7954—31 Goldstone et al 1674219— Fielding et al*26744 (MRS) 36 (MUD) 1927 39 *Only RFS significant for aSCT after accounting for age, leukocyte count
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL: Rationale Single agent activity of imatinib – CR rate ~20%; marrow CR 10% – 55% – Median time to progression 2 – 4 mos Synergy in vitro with chemotherapy – Cytarabine, anthracyclines, vincristine Hyper-CVAD regimen in de novo Ph-ALL – CR rate 90% – Median CR duration 16 mos – Historical rate aSCT in 1st CR 15% Druker et al, NEJM 345:1038, 2001; Ottmann et al, Blood 100:1965, 2002 Hofmann et al, Leuk Lymph 45:655, 2004; Kantarjian et al, JCO 18:547, 2000
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 6 13 Hyper-CVAD MTX-cytarabine Imatinib (400 mg then 600 mg) Vincristine + prednisone Intensive phase Maintenance phase 12 mos Thomas et al, Blood 103:4396, 2004 Imatinib (600 mg then 800 mg)
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL: Eligibility Ph chromosome or BCR-ABL + ALL – De novo untreated – Primary refractory: failure 1 induction – CR after 1 cycle of induction (CR at start) Residual disease by FISH or RT-PCR Imatinib naive Age 15 years or older Adequate hepatorenal function Adequate cardiac function
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL: Induction Response (n=54) Category No. CR/Total %CR De Novo 36/39 92 Primary refractory 6/6 100 CR at start 9 — De novo failures: 1 CRp, 1 PR, 1 early death (sepsis) Molecular CR (nested PCR for BCR-ABL) in 52%
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL Characteristics of de novo groups Parameter Percent Imatinib + HCVAD HCVAD (n=39) (n=50) Age > 60 yrs26 30 WBC > 30 x 10 9 /L 17 44 Hgb < 10 g/dL 63 70 Albumin < 3 g/dL 26 14 Zubrod PS > 2 — 4 LDH > 620 U/L 71 92 CNS disease 13 2 B2 microglobulin > 341 49
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in de novo Ph-ALL Parameter Percent Imatinib + HCVAD HCVAD (n=39) (n=50) Response CR 92 94 Courses to CR 1 85 70 2 7 13 > 2 — 11 Median days to CR 21 20
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL: Outcome After CR CR (n=51) Chemo (n=35) [14] SCT (n=16) [2] CCR (n=10) [8] Deaths in CR (n=10) [3] Relapse (n=15) [3] CCR (n=10) [2] Deaths in CR (n=4) [0] Relapse (n=2) [0] 7 infection; 1 pancreatitis, 1 CNS hemorrhage; 1 unknown 2 infection; 2 GVHD [No. with molecular CR]
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Thomas et al, ASH 2006
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Thomas et al, ASH 2007
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Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL: Relapses 6 relapses on program – Most between 8 – 21 mos, 1 at 42 mos 5 relapses after change in TKI therapy – Persistent Ph or ↑ BCR-ABL by PCR 2 after aSCT without imatinib maintenance ABL sequencing in 5 of 10 relapses – 5 with ABL KD mutations (none T315I) – Y253H, Y253F, V338G, F359V, E459K Salvageable with hyper-CVAD + dasatinib
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Improvements in outcome with continuous imatinib simultaneously with hyper-CVAD Durable remissions – aSCT in 1st CR appears beneficial JALSG ALL202, GRAAPH-2003 Elderly group may benefit from RIC SCT – PCR for BCR-ABL not predictive relapse – ABL KD mutations relatively less common Second or later generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors may further improve outcome Imatinib + Hyper-CVAD in Ph-ALL: Conclusions
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