1. Sound and Vibrations

2. Materials  Student Sheet no. 4 called The Tuning Fork  Student Sheet no. 5 called The Long Gong  Cord with bead  Wood blocks  Tone generator  Beans  9-V Battery  Meter tape  Nail  Pliers with wire cutters  Scissors  Tape  Plastic cups with a hole in bottom per pair  plastic cup full of water per pair  Ping-pong ball per pair  Thread (30 cm)  Paper towel  Tuning fork per pair  Wire coat hanger  String (40 cm)  “Animal Babble and your Source and Receiver” from story book

3. Before Class Set Up Door Fiddler (for teacher)  Slide cord under the door and pull until the bead is snug behind the door.  Loop the cord over the top of the door.  While pulling down on the cord behind the door, slide the loose end under the door again.  Make as tight as possible.  Wrap the remaining length of cord tightly around the door knob 2 or 3 times.  Use slit knot to tie off.  Slide a wood block flat under the strings below the know, and stand it up.  Page 22 Picture

4. Before Class Set Up Long Gong (for teacher)  Cut string 40 cm long.  Poke a hole in the bottom of a cup with a nail, run one end of the string through the hole, and tie a knot.  Tie the loose end of the string to the center of the bent hanger.  Place long gong in plastic bag.

5. Door Fiddler  Pluck the longest string.  What do you hear?  What do you see?  How does the string feel when it is making its sound?  Pluck the shortest string.  How are these sound different?  Move wood block and pluck top and bottom of string.  What happened?  The back and forth movement of the string is called a vibration. Sometimes vibrations are so fast that they are easier to feel than they are to see.

6. Tone Generator  Place beans on speaker  Adjust the pitch and volume  What do you hear?  What do you see?  How does the speaker feel when it is making its sound?  The back and forth movement of the speaker is called a vibration. Sometimes vibrations are so fast that they are easier to feel than they are to see.

7. Tuning Fork  Demonstrate how to hold the tuning fork by the stem  Strike the wood block or the sole of your shoe  Gently strike it once  Hold it firmly  Bring the fork near your ear and listen  3 minutes to explore  What did you hear?  What did you see when the instrument made a sound?

8. Long Gong  Place cup over one ear  Lean forward so string hang freely  Use the pencil to gently strike the wire, string, or cup once  Listen  3 minutes to explore  What did you hear?  What did you see when the instrument made a sound?

9. Pass out The Tuning Fork sheet

10. Pass out The Long Gong sheet

11. Listening Activity  Close eyes, be very quiet, and listen carefully.  After 1 minute, identify sounds heard

12. Sound Source  Sound comes from a sound source.  A sound source is where a vibration starts.  Usually a sound source is a vibrating object, like a tuning fork and speaker.  What are some examples of sound source? (whistle, teakettle, voice)

13. Sound Receiver  In order for a sound source to be heard, it must be detected by a sound receiver.  A sound receiver is something that responds to vibrations generated by a sound source.  Our ears are our sound receivers.  Name other sound receivers. (telephone mouthpiece, microphone, animal ear)

14. Discussion  On the tone generator, what is the sound source? (speaker)  What is the sound receiver? (ear)  How does the sound change? (louder or softer)  What happens to the vibration when the sound is louder or softer? (Vibrations are stronger when the sound is louder. Vibrations are weaker when the sound is softer.)

15. More Discussion  Where have you felt vibrations and what sounds did you hear? (musical instruments, bells, drums)  What causes sound? (vibrations)  What is volume? (how loud a sound is)  Read “Animal Babble and your Source and Receiver”

16. The End!!!