1. image structures: rain shafts, cold pools, gusts Separate rain fall velocity from air velocity – turbulence retrieval– microphysical retrieval Diurnal and MJO composite statistics – rainfrequency and type – cloud and subcloud turbulence – shallow cumulus cloud top heights 3-mm W-band Doppler radar motion-stabilized ≤ 0.5 degrees O2 deck view 2-μm HRDL High-resolution Doppler lidar Revelle cloud and boundary layer Doppler remote sensing Simon de Szoeke, Alan Brewer, Chris Fairall

2. 0 10 20 Shallow PPI High PPI Shallow RHI Zenith minutes HRDL lidar scanning Both instruments sample features in the atmosphere as they pass over. Mean winds, turbulence, and spatially/temporally evolving wind field Motion stabilized Doppler radial/vertical velocities. 6 km range W-band cloud radar Continuously points at zenith

3. Revelle cloud and boundary layer Doppler remote sensing Simon de Szoeke, Alan Brewer, Chris Fairall HRDL and W-band cloud radar measure rain and clear air velocities: – coherent fronts and flows – turbulence Separate rain fall velocity from air velocity – Pinsky et al. (2010) air velocity retrieval – cloud and subcloud turbulence Combine with areal precipitation statistics from TOGA C-band radar. – composite over MJO convective & suppressed events NOAA W-band cloud radar October 19 hour (UTC)

4. Kelvin-Helmholtz billows Doppler width (m/s) Doppler velocity anomaly (m/s) Stratiform precipitation has steady fall velocity. makes air velocity visible to radar. DYNAMO has ~100 hours of stratiform rain.

5. imaging fronts with radar and lidar radar vertical velocity Processing shows Nyquist- unwrapping and subtracting stratiform rain fall speed. lidar horizontal velocities Spatial sampling by lidar RHI and PPI scans show the front passing over the ship in radial Doppler velocity and backscatter retrievals. lidar RHI lidar PPI radar vertical A B B B A A see Alan Brewer’s talk and poster

6. Doppler velocity anomaly (m/s)  use to diagnose turbulence f –5/3 vertical velocity turbulence spectra height (km) S 2 (m 2 s –1 )