1. Layers of the Earth

2. The Atmosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth. It contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other gases. It is the least dense layer. Atmosphere 21% 1% 78%

3. Hydrosphere Earth’s water makes up the hydrosphere. Includes all the liquid water and ice on Earth’s surface, liquid water in the ground, and water vapor in the atmosphere.

4. Geosphere Geosphere is made up of the Earth’s surface and it’s interior.

5. (Crust) Lithosphere Not the same thickness all over Earth. The crust is 6 km(4 mi.) thick under the oceans. The crust under the continents is much thicker 25-90km(16-56mi) thick. Temperature: cool at top, 870°C at the bottom.

6. What is the deepest hole ever drilled? Today, the deepest hole ever created by humankind is in Siberia. It took 24 years to drill. The hole goes down 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) into the Earth’s crust. Kola Borehole

7. Mantle (Aesthenosphere) Mantle is made of rock. The heat and pressure make this rock a semi solid called magma. Temperature ranges from 870°C-2200°C (1,600°F-4,000°F) Convection currents form in this layer. 2900km(1800mi)

8. Outer Core The outer core is molten iron and nickel and is spinning around the inner core. The movement of this metal creates a magnetic field that surrounds the Earth. Protects us from harmful solar radiation Thickness: 2200km(1367 miles) Temperature: 5,000°C (9,000°F)

9. Outer Core Made of liquid metals (mostly iron and nickel) Thickness: 2200km(1367 miles) Temperature: 4400°C (8000°F) The spinning liquid creates the magnetosphere (magnetic field around Earth) Protects us from solar radiation.

10. Inner Core Made of solid iron and nickel. Thickness: 1250 km(777mi.) Temperature: 5,000°C/9,000°F Gravity squeezes matter together which makes the core solid and dense.

11. Densities of the layers

12. Layers of Earth Conclusion Gravity pulls all matter to the center. The pull of gravity makes all planets and stars form a sphere. Earth’s interior is hot because of gravity and pressure. Density forms the layers. Least dense – Most Dense

13. Video clips Layers of the Earth Song