1. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 28 Organizing the Elements Section 6.1

2. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 28 6.1 Organizing the Elements In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.

3. Slide 3 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle Elements are organized using their properties. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties. They are all in group 7A. 6.1

4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Slide 4 of 28 Mendeleev’s Periodic Table How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table? 6.1

5. Slide 5 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass. This first table was used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements. The presence of Gallium was predicted based on this table Problem- some elements didn’t line up with other elements that had similar properties Example: I and Te were out of place 6.1

6. Slide 6 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table 6.1

7. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Slide 7 of 28 The Periodic Law How is the modern periodic table organized? Moseley developed the organization used in the modern periodic table. 6.1

8. Slide 8 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law In the modern periodic table elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Atomic number = # of protons Protons are in the nucleus Nucleus has a positive charge 6.1

9. Slide 9 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right. The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next. 6.1

10. Slide 10 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Groups and Periods Remember that: a group is a vertical column a period is a horizontal row Groups have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons For groups 1A-8A the number of valence electrons matches the group number (with the exception of He) For groups 1B-8B the number of valence electrons is 1 or 2 and must be found using electron configurations.

11. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 11 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic. Use the following slides to help you color in the 3 classes of elements using colored pencils. 6.1

12. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 12 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

13. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 13 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

14. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 14 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

15. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 15 of 28 Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table 6.1

16. Slide 16 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current. 80% of elements are metals. Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable. 6.1

17. Slide 17 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum 6.1

18. Slide 18 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum 6.1

19. Slide 19 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum 6.1

20. Slide 20 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Nonmetals In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current. Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature. A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus. These solids are brittle. One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid. 6.1

21. Slide 21 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metalloids A metalloid generally has some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals. The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions. A metalloid may be brittle, lustrous, and a good conductor, like silicon. 6.1

22. Slide 22 of 28 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips. 6.1

23. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 23 of 28 1.The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of a.colors. b.melting and boiling points. c.increasing atomic mass. d.increasing atomic number. 6.1 Section Quiz

24. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 24 of 28 2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing a.atomic number. b.number of protons. c.number of electrons. d.atomic mass 6.1 Section Quiz

25. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 25 of 28 3. Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals? a.ductility b.malleability c.having a high luster d.poor conductor of heat and electricity 6.1 Section Quiz